Chapter 01
Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Multiple Choice Questions
 
1. An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a(n) 
A. anatomist.
B. physiologist.
C. chemist.
D. biochemist.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
HAPS Objective: A05.01 Define the terms anatomy and physiology.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.02 Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Basic terminology
 
2. Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because 
A. physiological functions depend on anatomical structures.
B. physiological functions in an organism are ongoing.
C. body parts take up space.
D. our understanding of physiology is changing more than our understanding of anatomy.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: A05.01 Define the terms anatomy and physiology.
HAPS Objective: A05.02 Give specific examples to show the interrelationship between anatomy and physiology.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.02 Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology

3. The activities of an anatomist consist of ______, whereas those of a physiologist consist of _____. 
A. observing body parts; studying functions of body parts
B. conducting experiments; making microscopic examinations
C. studying molecules; observing forms of the body parts
D. sketching; dissecting

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: A05.01 Define the terms anatomy and physiology.
HAPS Objective: A05.02 Give specific examples to show the interrelationship between anatomy and physiology.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.02 Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology
 
4. The origin of the term "anatomy" is related to 
A. the Greek word for "function."
B. the name of the first anatomist.
C. the Greek word for "cutting up."
D. the function of internal organs.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A05.01 Define the terms anatomy and physiology.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.02 Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Basic terminology
 
5. The term "physiology" is related to 
A. the Latin for "physical shape."
B. the structure of internal organs.
C. the Greek for "cutting up."
D. the Greek for "relationship to nature."

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A05.01 Define the terms anatomy and physiology.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.02 Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Basic terminology

6.  
The recent discovery of taste receptors in the small intestine that detect sweetness illustrates that
 
A. chemical responses occur in only one part of the body.
B. new discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made.
C. everything there is to know about anatomy and physiology has been discovered.
D.  
the molecular and cellular levels are of little interest in anatomy and physiology.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: A05.01 Define the terms anatomy and physiology.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.02 Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology
 
7. Which of the following is not true of organelles? 
A. They carry on specific activities.
B. They are only in cells of humans.
C. They are composed of aggregates of large molecules.
D. They are found in many types of cells.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.
HAPS Objective: A06.02 Give an example of each level of organization.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.03 List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Levels of organization

8. Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity? 
A. Cells, tissues, organelles, organs, organ systems
B. Tissues, cells, organs, organelles, organ systems
C. Organs, organelles, organ systems, cells, tissues
D. Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.
Learning Outcome: 01.03 List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Levels of organization
 
9. In all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is 
A. the atom.
B. the molecule.
C. the macromolecule.
D. the cell.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.
HAPS Objective: A06.02 Give an example of each level of organization.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.03 List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Levels of organization

10. Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form 
A. tissues, which build organs.
B. organs, which build tissues.
C. organ systems, which build tissues.
D. atoms, which comprise tissues.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.
HAPS Objective: A06.02 Give an example of each level of organization.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.03 List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Levels of organization
 
11. Simple squamous epithelium is an example of a(n) 
A. organ system.
B. organ.
C. tissue.
D. molecule.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.
HAPS Objective: A06.02 Give an example of each level of organization.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.03 List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Levels of organization
 
12. Assimilation is 
A. changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms.
B. breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can absorb.
C. eliminating waste from the body.
D. an increase in body size without a change in overall shape.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.04 Give examples of metabolism.
Section: 01.04
Topic: Basic terminology

13. The ability of an organism to sense and react to changes in its body illustrates 
A. circulation.
B. respiration.
C. responsiveness.
D. absorption.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.04 Give examples of metabolism.
Section: 01.04
Topic: Basic terminology
 
14. The removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions is 
A. metabolism.
B. absorption.
C. assimilation.
D. excretion.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.04 Give examples of metabolism.
Section: 01.04
Topic: Basic terminology

15. Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions are correct? 
A.  
Responsiveness—obtaining and using oxygen to release energy from food

B.  
Assimilation—sensing changes inside or outside the body and reacting to them

C.  
Respiration—changing absorbed substances into forms that are chemically different from those that entered the body fluids

D.  
Circulation—the movement of substances in body fluids

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.04 Give examples of metabolism.
Section: 01.04
Topic: Basic terminology
 
16. Metabolism is defined as _____. 
A. the removal of wastes produced by chemical reactions
B. the breakdown of substances into simpler forms
C. the taking in of nutrients
D. all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.04 List and describe the major characteristics of life.
Section: 01.04
Topic: Basic terminology

17. Which of the following processes does not help to maintain the life of an individual organism? 
A. Responsiveness
B. Movement
C. Reproduction
D. Respiration

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.04 Give examples of metabolism.
Section: 01.04
Topic: Basic terminology
 
18. Which of the following processes is most important to continuation of the human species? 
A. Responsiveness
B. Movement
C. Reproduction
D. Respiration

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.04 Give examples of metabolism.
Section: 01.04
Topic: Basic terminology

19. Homeostasis is the 
A. inability to keep body weight within normal limits.
B.  
decrease in room temperature because a window is open.

C. ingestion of more food than you need to eat.
D. tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
HAPS Objective: B01.01 Define homeostasis.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 Explain the importance of homeostasis to survival.
Section: 01.05
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Definition of homeostasis
 
20. Which of the following is not an example of a homeostatic mechanism in the human body? 
A. Shivering when body temperature falls below normal.
B. Increasing heart rate and force of contraction when blood pressure falls.
C.  
Retention of fluid leading to retention of more fluid.

D. Secreting insulin after a meal to return blood sugar concentration toward normal.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
HAPS Objective: B01.01 Define homeostasis.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
HAPS Topic: Module B04 Application of homeostatic mechanisms.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 List and describe the major requirements of organisms.
Section: 01.05
Topic: Definition of homeostasis
Topic: Examples of homeostatic mechanisms

21. Living organisms use oxygen to __________________. 
A. reduce heat production
B. donate electrons for cellular metabolism
C. release energy stored in the molecules of food
D. remove metabolic wastes

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 01.04 Give examples of metabolism.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 Describe the parts of a homeostatic mechanism and explain how they function together.
Section: 01.04
Section: 01.05
Topic: Basic terminology
 
22. Maintaining a stable internal environment typically requires 
A. positive feedback mechanisms.
B. an unstable outside environment.
C. decreased atmospheric pressure.
D. negative feedback mechanisms.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: B01.01 Define homeostasis.
HAPS Objective: B02.03 Explain why negative feedback is the most commonly used mechanism to maintain homeostasis in the body.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
HAPS Topic: Module B02 General types of homeostatic mechanisms.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 List and describe the major requirements of organisms.
Section: 01.05
Topic: Definition of homeostasis
Topic: Types of homeostatic mechanisms
 
23. A blood clot stimulating further clotting is an example of 
A. a positive feedback mechanism.
B. a negative feedback mechanism.
C. a process turning itself off.
D. nervous system communication.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: B01.01 Define homeostasis.
HAPS Objective: B03.03 Provide an example of a positive feedback loop in the body. Describe the specific structures (organs, cells or molecules) included in the feedback loop.
HAPS Objective: B04.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how organ systems respond to maintain homeostasis.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 Explain the importance of homeostasis to survival.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 List and describe the major requirements of organisms.
Section: 01.05
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Examples of homeostatic mechanisms
Topic: Types of homeostatic mechanisms

24. Which of the following must the human body obtain from the environment in order to survive? 
A. Nitrogen
B. Wastes
C. Water
D. Carbon dioxide

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 Describe the parts of a homeostatic mechanism and explain how they function together.
Section: 01.05
Topic: Basic terminology
 
25.  
Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body are balanced and heat and pressure __________.
 
A. decrease steadily
B. remain within certain limited ranges
C. increase when the body is stressed
D. fluctuate greatly between very high and low values

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: B01.01 Define homeostasis.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.04 Give examples of metabolism.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 Explain the importance of homeostasis to survival.
Section: 01.04
Section: 01.05
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Definition of homeostasis

26. 
In negative feedback mechanisms, changes away from the normal state
 
A. stimulate changes in the same direction.
B. inhibit all body reactions.
C. stimulate changes in the opposite direction.
D. stimulate a reduction in all requirements of the body.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: B02.01 List the components of a feedback loop and explain the function of each.
HAPS Objective: B02.02 Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback in terms of the relationship between stimulus and response.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
HAPS Topic: Module B02 General types of homeostatic mechanisms.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 List and describe the major requirements of organisms.
Section: 01.05
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Types of homeostatic mechanisms
 
27. Positive feedback mechanisms 
A.  
cause long-term changes.

B. move conditions away from the normal state.
C. bring conditions back to the normal state.
D. usually produce stable conditions.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: B02.01 List the components of a feedback loop and explain the function of each.
HAPS Objective: B02.02 Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback in terms of the relationship between stimulus and response.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
HAPS Topic: Module B02 General types of homeostatic mechanisms.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 List and describe the major requirements of organisms.
Section: 01.05
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Types of homeostatic mechanisms

28. Which of the following illustrates a positive feedback mechanism? 
A. Maintaining blood pressure
B. Uterine contractions during childbirth
C. Body temperature control
D. Control of blood sugar

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: B02.02 Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback in terms of the relationship between stimulus and response.
HAPS Objective: B03.03 Provide an example of a positive feedback loop in the body. Describe the specific structures (organs, cells or molecules) included in the feedback loop.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B03 Examples of homeostatic mechanisms.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 List and describe the major requirements of organisms.
Section: 01.05
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Examples of homeostatic mechanisms
 
29. Positive feedback mechanisms usually produce 
A. changes returning values toward a set point.
B. stable conditions around a set point.
C. unstable conditions.
D. long-term changes.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: B02.02 Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback in terms of the relationship between stimulus and response.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
HAPS Topic: Module B02 General types of homeostatic mechanisms.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 List and describe the major requirements of organisms.
Section: 01.05
Topic: Types of homeostatic mechanisms
 
30. Which of the following is true concerning the female reproductive system? 
A. It produces female sex cells.
B. It transports the female sex cells.
C. It can support the development of  an embryo.
D. All of the above.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A07.01 List the organ systems of the human body and their major components.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module A07 Survey of body systems.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Describe the general function of each organ system.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Identify the locations of the major body cavities.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Survey of body systems

31. Which of the following organs is in the abdominopelvic cavity? 
A. The heart
B. The trachea
C. The thymus
D. The liver

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
HAPS Objective: A03.01 Describe the location of the body cavities and identify the major organs found in each cavity.
HAPS Topic: Module A03 Body cavities and regions.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Name and identify the locations of the membranes associated with the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Body cavities and regions
 
32. The membrane on the surface of a lung is called the 
A. visceral pleura.
B. parietal pleura.
C. visceral pericardium.
D. parietal pericardium.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Name the major organ systems, and list the organs associated with each.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Basic terminology
 
33. Which action is the main function of the digestive system? 
A. Formation of cells
B. Movement of body parts
C. Absorption of nutrients
D. Providing oxygen for the extraction of energy from nutrients

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: A07.02 Describe the major functions of each organ system.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module A07 Survey of body systems.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Identify the locations of the major body cavities.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Survey of body systems

34. Which of the following is not part of the female reproductive system? 
A. The uterus
B. The uterine tube
C. The vulva
D. The bulbourethral gland

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A07.01 List the organ systems of the human body and their major components.
HAPS Objective: A07.02 Describe the major functions of each organ system.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module A07 Survey of body systems.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Identify the locations of the major body cavities.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Survey of body systems
 
35. The thoracic cavity lies _____________ the abdominopelvic cavity. 
A. dorsal (posterior) to
B. ventral (anterior) to
C. superior to
D. inferior to

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A03.01 Describe the location of the body cavities and identify the major organs found in each cavity.
HAPS Objective: A04.01 List and define the major directional terms used in anatomy.
HAPS Topic: Module A03 Body cavities and regions.
HAPS Topic: Module A04 Directional terms.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Identify the locations of the major body cavities.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Body cavities and regions
Topic: Directional terms
 
36. Blood cells are produced in the organs of the _______ system. 
A. endocrine
B. skeletal
C. respiratory
D. muscular

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A03.01 Describe the location of the body cavities and identify the major organs found in each cavity.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module A07 Survey of body systems.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Name and identify the locations of the membranes associated with the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Survey of body systems

37. A parietal layer of a serous membrane _______, whereas a visceral layer of a serous membrane ________. 
A. covers organs; lines cavities
B. lines cavities; covers organs
C. secretes serous fluid; secretes mucus
D. secretes mucus; secretes a serous fluid

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Name the major organ systems, and list the organs associated with each.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Basic terminology
 
38. Cell death first occurs 
A. at age 60.
B. at age 50.
C. at puberty.
D. in the fetus.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.07 Identify changes related to aging, from the microscopic to the whole-body level.
Section: 01.07
Topic: Basic terminology
 
39. An obstetrician tells a 42-year-old patient that she can have a healthy baby, but that she is of "advanced maternal age." The patient is so upset that she fails to listen to the rest of the doctor's advice, goes home in a huff, and immediately dyes her hair, buys a miniskirt, and signs up for botox injections to smooth the tiny lines near her eyes. She is misinterpreting the doctor's statement because it referred to 
A. the age of the sperm.
B. the age of her eggs.
C. her risk of developing diabetes.
D. her cholesterol level, not her appearance.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.07 Identify changes related to aging, from the microscopic to the whole-body level.
Section: 01.07
Topic: Basic terminology

40. Wrinkled and sagging skin results from 
A. drinking too much water.
B. heredity only.
C.  
loss of subcutaneous fat, elastin, and collagen.

D. excess subcutaneous fat.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.07 Identify changes related to aging, from the microscopic to the whole-body level.
Section: 01.07
Topic: Basic terminology

Check All That Apply Questions
 
41. 
Signs of aging at the cellular level are (Select all that apply)
 
_____ graying hair, waning strength, and wrinkles.
__X__ unrepaired DNA and abnormal proteins.
__X__ impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts.
_____ a fatty liver and clogged blood vessels.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.07 Identify changes related to aging, from the microscopic to the whole-body level.
Section: 01.07
Topic: Basic terminology

Multiple Choice Questions

42. One characteristic that centenarians share is 
A. a high level of exercise throughout life.
B. long-lived relatives.
C. following the Mediterranean diet.
D. never having smoked.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.07 Identify changes related to aging, from the microscopic to the whole-body level.
Section: 01.07
Topic: Basic terminology
 
43. An anatomical section that separates the body into right and left portions is a __________ section. 
A. frontal
B. transverse
C. coronal
D. sagittal

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A02.01 Identify the various planes in which a body might be dissected.
HAPS Topic: Module A02 Body planes and sections.
Learning Outcome: 01.08 Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions.
Section: 01.08
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Body planes and sections
 
44. The upper midportion of the abdomen is called the ____region. 
A. hypochondriac
B. iliac
C. hypogastric
D. epigastric

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A03.02 List and describe the location of the major anatomical regions of the body.
HAPS Topic: Module A03 Body cavities and regions.
Learning Outcome: 01.08 Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions.
Section: 01.08
Topic: Body cavities and regions

45. When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true? 
A. The head is facing to the front.
B. The palms are facing backward.
C. The body is erect.
D. The upper limbs are at the sides.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: A01.01 Describe a person in anatomical position.
HAPS Topic: Module A01 Anatomical position.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.08 Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions.
Section: 01.08
Topic: Anatomical position
Topic: Basic terminology
 
46. Paired organs, such as the kidneys or lungs, are said to be 
A. bisexual.
B. bilingual.
C. bilateral.
D. bivalent.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A05.03 Describe the location of structures of the body, using basic regional and systemic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.08 Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions.
Section: 01.08
Topic: Basic terminology

47. The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is 
A. anterior.
B. proximal.
C.  
superficial.

D. superior.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A04.01 List and define the major directional terms used in anatomy.
HAPS Topic: Module A04 Directional terms.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.08 Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions.
Section: 01.08
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Directional terms
 
48. Which of the following are vital signs? 
A. Body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate
B. Appearance of the skin, red blood cell count, oxygen level
C. Body weight, age, gender
D. Visual acuity and auditory sharpness

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Boxed Reading: Vignette
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.02 Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Basic terminology

49. Ultrasonography is most useful for diagnostic examination of 
A. dense organs, such as bones.
B. air-filled organs, such as lungs.
C. soft internal structures, such as fetuses.
D. microscopic structures.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Boxed Reading: Clinical Application 1.1
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.03 List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Basic terminology
 
50. Magnetic resonance imaging uses 
A. X rays.
B. a radio antenna.
C. radioisotopes.
D. high-frequency sound waves.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Boxed Reading: Clinical Application 1.1
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.03 List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Basic terminology
 
51. Magnetic resonance imaging might be used to 
A. distinguish between normal and cancerous tissue.
B. examine an injured knee.
C. obtain a sectional view of the brain.
D. do all of the above.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Boxed Reading: Clinical Application 1.1
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.03 List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Basic terminology

True / False Questions

52. The transition from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural lifestyle greatly changed the types of diseases and injuries that early peoples suffered. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 01.01 Identify some of the early discoveries that led to our understanding of the body.
Section: 01.01
Topic: Human origins and adaptations
 
53. Patterns of growth in preserved bones and tooth decay reflect the health of the people of which they were a part. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 01.01 Identify some of the early discoveries that led to our understanding of the body.
Section: 01.01
Topic: Human origins and adaptations
 
54. The field of medicine arose as early healers abandoned superstition and ideas about magic and started using natural chemicals and wondering why they were effective at treating illness. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 01.01 Identify some of the early discoveries that led to our understanding of the body.
Section: 01.01
Topic: Human origins and adaptations
 
55.  
Cadaver dissection is against the law in the United States.
 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 01.01 Identify some of the early discoveries that led to our understanding of the body.
Section: 01.01
Topic: Origins of biomedical science

56. The anatomy of a body part is closely related to its physiology. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
HAPS Objective: A05.02 Give specific examples to show the interrelationship between anatomy and physiology.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.02 Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Basic terminology
 
57. We know all there is to know about the structure and function of the human body. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.02 Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Basic terminology
 
58. Cells with similar functions aggregate into organelles. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.
HAPS Objective: A06.02 Give an example of each level of organization.
HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.
Learning Outcome: 01.03 List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Levels of organization
 
59. Macromolecules are built of atoms. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.
HAPS Objective: A06.02 Give an example of each level of organization.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.
Learning Outcome: 01.03 List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Levels of organization

60. Organ systems consist of organs, which consist of tissues. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.03 List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Levels of organization
 
61. A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of an organism. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.
HAPS Objective: A06.02 Give an example of each level of organization.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.03 List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Levels of organization
 
62.  
Metabolism consists of all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life.
 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.04 List and describe the major characteristics of life.
Section: 01.04
Topic: Basic terminology

63. Absorption is the ability to exhale carbon dioxide. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.04 Give examples of metabolism.
Section: 01.04
Topic: Basic terminology
 
64. Reproduction is the change in body characteristics over time. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.04 Give examples of metabolism.
Section: 01.04
Topic: Basic terminology
 
65. Oxygen is the primary raw material for new living material. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.04 Give examples of metabolism.
Section: 01.04
Topic: Basic terminology
 
66. Temperature is a form of energy, whereas heat is a measurement of the intensity of the temperature. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.04 Give examples of metabolism.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 Describe the parts of a homeostatic mechanism and explain how they function together.
Section: 01.04
Section: 01.05
Topic: Basic terminology

67. Homeostasis is the body's maintenance of an unstable internal environment. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: B01.01 Define homeostasis.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 Explain the importance of homeostasis to survival.
Section: 01.05
Topic: Definition of homeostasis
 
68. The maintenance of a steady body temperature in the face of fluctuating environmental conditions illustrates homeostasis. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: B01.01 Define homeostasis.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
HAPS Topic: Module B03 Examples of homeostatic mechanisms.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 Explain the importance of homeostasis to survival.
Section: 01.05
Topic: Definition of homeostasis
Topic: Examples of homeostatic mechanisms
 
69. The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A03.01 Describe the location of the body cavities and identify the major organs found in each cavity.
HAPS Topic: Module A03 Body cavities and regions.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 List the organs located in each major body cavity.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Body cavities and regions

70. The parietal pericardium is attached to the surface of the heart. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Name the major organ systems, and list the organs associated with each.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Basic terminology
 
71. The organ systems responsible for integration and coordination are the nervous and endocrine systems. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A07.02 Describe the major functions of each organ system.
HAPS Topic: Module A07 Survey of body systems.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Identify the locations of the major body cavities.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Survey of body systems
 
72. Kidneys are part of the lymphatic system. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
HAPS Objective: A07.02 Describe the major functions of each organ system.
HAPS Topic: Module A07 Survey of body systems.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Identify the locations of the major body cavities.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Survey of body systems
 
73. The muscular system is responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture, and production of body heat. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
HAPS Objective: A07.02 Describe the major functions of each organ system.
HAPS Topic: Module A07 Survey of body systems.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Identify the locations of the major body cavities.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Survey of body systems

74. The digestive system filters wastes from the blood. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
HAPS Objective: A07.02 Describe the major functions of each organ system.
HAPS Topic: Module A07 Survey of body systems.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Identify the locations of the major body cavities.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Survey of body systems
 
75. The parietal pleura is a visceral membrane. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Name the major organ systems, and list the organs associated with each.
Topic: Basic terminology
 
76. Aging begins in the fetus. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.07 Identify changes related to aging, from the microscopic to the whole-body level.
Section: 01.07
Topic: Basic terminology
 
77. Chromosomes get longer as a cell ages. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.07 Identify changes related to aging, from the microscopic to the whole-body level.
Section: 01.07
Topic: Basic terminology

78. Ceroid pigments and lipofuscin accumulate with aging, impairing a cell's ability to withstand the damaging effects of oxygen free radicals. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.07 Identify changes related to aging, from the microscopic to the whole-body level.
Section: 01.07
Topic: Basic terminology
 
79. The ears are lateral to the eyes. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
HAPS Objective: A04.01 List and define the major directional terms used in anatomy.
HAPS Topic: Module A04 Directional terms.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.08 Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions.
Section: 01.08
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Directional terms
 
80. The elbow is distal to the wrist. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
HAPS Objective: A04.01 List and define the major directional terms used in anatomy.
HAPS Topic: Module A04 Directional terms.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.08 Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions.
Section: 01.08
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Directional terms

81. The anatomical position is lying down, as a cadaver would be positioned. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
HAPS Objective: A01.01 Describe a person in anatomical position.
HAPS Topic: Module A01 Anatomical position.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.08 Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions.
Section: 01.08
Topic: Anatomical position
Topic: Basic terminology

Fill in the Blank Questions
 
82. Agriculture began in some countries as recently as _____ years ago. 
6,000

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.01 Identify some of the early discoveries that led to our understanding of the body.
Section: 01.01
Topic: Human origins and adaptations
 
83.  
Dissection of human bodies became part of formal medical school coursework in the ______ century.
 
twentieth  or  
20th

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.01 Identify some of the early discoveries that led to our understanding of the body.
Section: 01.01
Topic: Origins of biomedical science

84. The branch of science that deals with the structure of human body parts is called _____. 
anatomy

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A05.01 Define the terms anatomy and physiology.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.02 Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology
 
85. The branch of science that deals with the functions of human body parts is called ______. 
physiology

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A05.01 Define the terms anatomy and physiology.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.02 Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Basic terminology
 
86. A group of cells with common properties that are organized into a layer or mass is a(n) _____. 
tissue

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.
HAPS Objective: A06.02 Give an example of each level of organization.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.
Learning Outcome: 01.03 List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Levels of organization

87. A subcellular structure built of assemblies of macromolecules that carries out a particular function is a(n) _____________. 
organelle

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.
HAPS Objective: A06.02 Give an example of each level of organization.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.
Learning Outcome: 01.03 List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each.
Section: 01.03
Topic: Basic terminology
Topic: Levels of organization
 
88. The process by which food substances are chemically changed into simpler forms that can be absorbed is called ______. 
digestion

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.04 Give examples of metabolism.
Section: 01.04
Topic: Basic terminology
 
89. The term ______ refers to an increase in body size without overall shape change. 
growth

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.04 Give examples of metabolism.
Section: 01.04
Topic: Basic terminology
 
90. The most abundant substance in the human body is _____. 
water

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 Describe the parts of a homeostatic mechanism and explain how they function together.
Section: 01.05
Topic: Basic terminology

91. Self-regulating control mechanisms usually operate by a process called ______ feedback. 
negative

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: B01.01 Define homeostasis.
HAPS Objective: B02.02 Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback in terms of the relationship between stimulus and response.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
HAPS Topic: Module B02 General types of homeostatic mechanisms.
Learning Outcome: 01.05 Explain the importance of homeostasis to survival.
Section: 01.05
Topic: Definition of homeostasis
Topic: Types of homeostatic mechanisms
 
92. The potential space between the _______ membranes is called the pleural cavity. 
pleural

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Name the major organ systems, and list the organs associated with each.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Basic terminology
 
93.  
The chemicals secreted by endocrine glands are called _____.
 
hormones

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A07.02 Describe the major functions of each organ system.
HAPS Topic: Module A07 Survey of body systems.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Identify the locations of the major body cavities.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Definition of homeostasis

94. The heart is part of the ______ system. 
cardiovascular

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
HAPS Objective: A07.02 Describe the major functions of each organ system.
HAPS Topic: Module A07 Survey of body systems.
Learning Outcome: 01.06 Identify the locations of the major body cavities.
Section: 01.06
Topic: Survey of body systems
 
95. Individuals who live more than 100 years are called______. 
centenarians

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.07 Identify changes related to aging, from the microscopic to the whole-body level.
Section: 01.07
Topic: Basic terminology
 
96. Standing erect with face and palms forward and upper limbs at the sides describes the ____________ position. 
anatomical

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A01.01 Describe a person in anatomical position.
HAPS Topic: Module A01 Anatomical position.
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
HAPS Topic: Module B01 Definition.
Learning Outcome: 01.08 Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions.
Section: 01.08
Topic: Anatomical position
Topic: Basic terminology
 
97. A lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions is termed ___________. 
sagittal

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Objective: A02.01 Identify the various planes in which a body might be dissected.
HAPS Topic: Module A02 Body planes and sections.
Learning Outcome: 01.08 Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions.
Section: 01.08
Topic: Anatomical position

Multiple Choice Questions
 
98. Most of the terminology to name and describe body parts and their functions comes from 
A. Latin and Greek.
B. English and Italian.
C. picture drawings on the cave walls of our ancestors.
D. the language of hunter-gatherers.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
HAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.
Learning Outcome: 01.02 Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
Section: 01.02
Topic: Basic terminology