CHAPTER 1: An Invitation to Social Psychology

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	Social psychology can be defined as the ____________ study of the ____________ of individuals in social situations.
a.	intuitive; behaviors	
b.	scientific; behaviors	
c.	scientific; feelings, thoughts, and behaviors	
d.	behavioral; thoughts and feelings	
e.	intuitive; thoughts and feelings	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	Characterizing Social Psychology
OBJ:	Factual

	2.	Which of the following Supreme Court rulings was heavily influenced by social psychological research?
a.	Rowe v. Wade ruling	c.	Marbury v. Madison ruling	
b.	Brown v. Board of Education ruling	d.	Miranda v. Arizona ruling	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	Characterizing Social Psychology
OBJ:	Factual

	3.	“Absence makes the heart grow fonder” and “out of sight, out of mind” are both common sayings. A(n) ____________ is most likely to conduct an experiment to identify the conditions under which each of these assertions is accurate.
a.	personality psychologist	c.	sociologist	
b.	social psychologist	d.	anthropologist	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	Characterizing Social Psychology
OBJ:	Factual

	4.	The major difference between social psychology and other social sciences, such as anthropology and political science, is that social psychology relies most heavily on ____________ to derive knowledge about human behavior.
a.	experimental research	c.	logical principles	
b.	observational research	d.	evolutionary principles	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	Characterizing Social Psychology
OBJ:	Factual

	5.	Sandra thinks that smiling a lot during a job interview increases a person’s chances of getting a job offer. The main difference between Sandra’s folk theory and social psychological theories is that social psychological theories are
a.	always more complicated.	c.	based on logic.	
b.	almost always counterintuitive.	d.	put to the test.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Medium	REF:	Characterizing Social Psychology
OBJ:	Factual

	6.	Social psychologists differ from personality psychologists because social psychologists tend to
a.	rely primarily on correlational research.	
b.	argue that genetics do not exert causal effects on social behavior.	
c.	examine how individuals react “on average” in social situations.	
d.	stress individual differences in behavior.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Medium	REF:	Characterizing Social Psychology
OBJ:	Factual

	7.	Which of the following questions involves a distal factor?
a.	Relative to unpleasant odors, how do pleasant odors influence a person’s mood?	
b.	Are people more likely to obey someone in a lab coat than someone in street clothes?	
c.	Do unconscious processes govern behavior?	
d.	Do individualist cultures value financial success more than collectivist cultures?	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	Characterizing Social Psychology
OBJ:	Conceptual

	8.	Which of the following is LEAST characteristic of the goals of social psychology?
a.	understanding how people in different cultures think, feel, and behave	
b.	understanding how people control each others’ behaviors	
c.	evaluating the accuracy of folk theories about how situations influence behavior	
d.	understanding how personality traits predispose people to respond to social situations	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Medium	REF:	Characterizing Social Psychology
OBJ:	Conceptual

	9.	Jacquie and Karen are both interested in the topic of divorce. Jacquie is a social psychologist and Karen is a sociologist. Compared to Karen, which of the following questions is Jacquie most likely to ask?
a.	Do different divorce laws influence divorce rates?	
b.	Are divorce rates higher among people who are more educated?	
c.	Why does infidelity lead to divorce?	
d.	Is divorce more prevalent in Northern states relative to Southern states?	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Medium	REF:	Characterizing Social Psychology
OBJ:	Conceptual

	10.	Which of the following would be an example of a proximal influence on behavior?
a.	the influence that societal norms and values have on gender roles in doing house chores	
b.	the influence that an authority figure has over a subordinate	
c.	the evolved ability to recognize that other people have thought and feelings	
d.	the evolved difference in mating strategies between the two sexes	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Medium	REF:	Characterizing Social Psychology
OBJ:	Conceptual

	11.	Which of the following phenomena best illustrates the relationship between social influence and behavior?
a.	acting more cooperative when you are in a good mood (as opposed to a bad mood)	
b.	preferring to drive with the car radio on (as opposed to off)	
c.	cycling faster when people are watching you (as opposed to when you are alone)	
d.	getting into more arguments when the temperature is above 80 degrees (as opposed to under 80 degrees)	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	Characterizing Social Psychology
OBJ:	Conceptual

	12.	Kurt Lewin’s concept, the field of forces, emphasizes that ____________ underlie(s) much of human behavior.
a.	genetics	c.	characteristics of a situation	
b.	physical stimulation	d.	natural selection	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	The Power of the Situation
OBJ:	Factual

	13.	Kurt Lewin, the founder of modern social psychology, argued that the effects of psychological forces can be understood in the same way that ____________ are understood.
a.	physical forces	c.	personality forces	
b.	attribute forces	d.	armed forces	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	The Power of the Situation
OBJ:	Factual

	14.	Research on ______________ suggests it is ______________ for people to assume that dispositions are the underlying causes of most behaviors.
a.	the fundamental attribution error; common	
b.	the fundamental attribution error; uncommon	
c.	obedience to authority; common	
d.	obedience to authority; uncommon	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	The Power of the Situation
OBJ:	Factual

	15.	The classic Milgram study showed that about
a.	1 percent of participants delivered a 330-volt shock to the “learner.”	
b.	10 percent of participants delivered no shocks to the “learner.”	
c.	20 percent of participants delivered a 450-volt shock to the “learner.”	
d.	60 percent of participants delivered a 450-volt shock to the “learner.”	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Medium	REF:	The Power of the Situation
OBJ:	Factual

	16.	According to social psychologists, which of the following conditions is most likely to make someone do what an authority figure says to do—even if it involves hurting someone?
a.	when people know ahead of time that an authority figure will be ordering them around	
b.	when people have been raised in abusive families	
c.	when people can blame an authority figure for their actions	
d.	when people are used to hurting other people	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Medium	REF:	The Power of the Situation
OBJ:	Factual

	17.	The “Good Samaritan” study conducted by Darley and Batson (1973) examined helping behavior in seminary students at Princeton University. These students were either rushed or not rushed to get to an appointment. Results of this study showed that
a.	participants who viewed religion as a means toward personal gains were less likely to help someone than participants who viewed religion as a means toward moral and spiritual values.	
b.	when rushed, only participants who viewed religion as a means toward personal gains were less likely to help someone.	
c.	when rushed, only participants who viewed religion as a means toward moral and spiritual values were less likely to help someone.	
d.	the nature of participants’ religious orientation did not predict helping behavior; only being rushed or not predicted helping.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Medium	REF:	The Power of the Situation
OBJ:	Factual

	18.	Your waiter seems to be doing everything wrong. He has forgotten to take your drink order. He delivers someone else’s food to your table. He does not come out and say it, but his facial expressions seem to say he’d rather be someplace else. If you assume his behavior is caused primarily by ____________, your assumption is consistent with the fundamental attribution error.
a.	channel factors	c.	his disposition	
b.	situational factors he can control	d.	situational factors beyond his control	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	The Power of the Situation
OBJ:	Applied

	19.	Which of the following scenarios is LEAST consistent with the fundamental attribution error?
a.	When someone swerves into your lane while driving, you think to yourself, “This person is a terrible driver!”	
b.	When someone at a party smiles at you, you think to yourself, “This person smiles at everyone.”	
c.	When you slip and fall down at a shopping mall, you think to yourself, “I was born clumsy!”	
d.	When someone talks loudly to his or her friend on the bus, you think to yourself, “This person might be talking to someone who has a hearing problem.”	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	The Power of the Situation
OBJ:	Applied

	20.	The president of a fraternity wants to increase the number of fraternity members who volunteer for nonprofit organizations in the community. Kurt Lewin’s concept of channel factors suggests the president should
a.	induce guilt among members who are not currently volunteering.	
b.	provide information about when and how members might volunteer.	
c.	offer a prize to the member who volunteers the most hours.	
d.	ask members to publicly commit to a particular volunteering opportunity.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	The Power of the Situation
OBJ:	Applied

	21.	Which of the following concepts is most relevant to people who want to get someone to act on his or her intentions?
a.	channel factors	c.	tension systems	
b.	the fundamental attribution error	d.	naturalistic fallacy	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	The Power of the Situation
OBJ:	Conceptual

	22.	You have a friend who consistently drives aggressively and frequently becomes very upset with other drivers. Your friend’s road rage is likely caused by ____________.
a.	situational factors.	c.	interdependence factors.	
b.	dispositional factors.	d.	collectivist factors.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	The Power of the Situation
OBJ:	Conceptual

	23.	____________ psychology stresses the fact that objects are perceived by active, usually unconscious, interpretations of what the object represents as a whole.
a.	Behavioral	c.	Cognitive	
b.	Gestalt	d.	Personality	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	The Role of Construal
OBJ:	Factual

	24.	The term “construal” refers to
a.	an expectation about how group members should behave.	
b.	a personal interpretation about situations and other people’s behaviors.	
c.	perceiving situations by means of an automatic registering device.	
d.	generalized knowledge about the physical and social world.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	The Role of Construal
OBJ:	Factual

	25.	Schemas are important because they
a.	are elaborate stores of systematized knowledge.	
b.	guide our expectations for a wide range of situations.	
c.	influence our judgments.	
d.	All of the above are true.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	The Role of Construal
OBJ:	Factual

	26.	Pro–affirmative action advocates try to activate schemas related to ____________, whereas anti–affirmative action advocates try to activate schemas related to ____________.
a.	fairness; diversity.	c.	African Americans; Caucasians.	
b.	diversity; fairness.	d.	Caucasians; African Americans.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Medium	REF:	The Role of Construal
OBJ:	Factual

	27.	Judy is always complimenting people she works with. Bob, one of Judy’s best friends, thinks that Judy is genuinely thoughtful and friendly. Sarah, who does not know Judy well, thinks that Sarah is shallow and fake. This example suggests how friendship influences
a.	behaviors.	c.	construals.	
b.	personality.	d.	folk theories.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Medium	REF:	The Role of Construal
OBJ:	Applied

	28.	Which of the following scenarios best illustrates how a construal can be changed by a life event?
a.	Lisa got a “B” on her paper and jumped for joy. When she learned that her friends got a better grade, she cried over her “B.”	
b.	Lisa got a “B” on her paper and felt confused. She decided to ask her teacher why she did not receive a higher grade.	
c.	Lisa worked on her paper for ten days. She cried when she found out she got a “B.”	
d.	Lisa cried when she got a “B” on her paper, even though she knew the paper was not all that great.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	The Role of Construal
OBJ:	Applied

	29.	Based on research discussed in your text, which of the following methods is most clearly suited for testing whether construals exert a causal effect on game performance?
a.	manipulating the name of a game	
b.	manipulating room temperature during the game	
c.	manipulating moods after a game has been played	
d.	manipulating the age of study participants	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	The Role of Construal
OBJ:	Applied

	30.	Professor Hansen expects that students will sit quietly and take notes during his large lecture course. Thus, a student who talks in class and never opens a notebook violates Professor Hansen’s ____________ about students.
a.	theory of mind	c.	construal	
b.	automaticity	d.	schema	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	The Role of Construal
OBJ:	Conceptual

	31.	A stereotype is best characterized as a type of ____________.
a.	schema.	c.	attribution.	
b.	channel factor.	d.	theory of mind.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	The Role of Construal
OBJ:	Conceptual

	32.	The mind processes information in two different ways when you encounter a social situation. Automatic processing is often based on _________________, whereas controlled processing is often based on ____________.
a.	careful thought; emotional factors.	c.	dispositional factors; situational factors	
b.	emotional factors; careful thought.	d.	situational factors; dispositional factors.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	Automatic versus Controlled Processing
OBJ:	Factual

	33.	The main difference between unconscious processes and controlled processes is that unconscious processes
a.	are more accurate.	c.	are more likely to influence behavior.	
b.	run only serially.	d.	can operate in parallel.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Medium	REF:	Automatic versus Controlled Processing
OBJ:	Factual

	34.	Research conducted by Bargh, Chen, and Burrows (1996) illustrates how seemingly trivial aspects of a situation can influence behavior in ways that people are not aware of. These researchers showed that
a.	people will walk more slowly after hearing words related to the elderly (for example, “cane,” “Florida”) than words unrelated to the elderly.	
b.	when people encounter novel stimuli with their arm extended away from their body, their attitudes toward these stimuli tend to be more favorable than when their arm is flexed (bent back toward the shoulder).	
c.	people are more cooperative when they play “The Wall Street Game” than the “Community Game.”	
d.	people process different facial features in parallel.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Medium	REF:	Automatic versus Controlled Processing
OBJ:	Factual

	35.	While boarding a plane, Doug feels fear when he notices another passenger sitting in his seat looking agitated and sweating profusely. In this situation,
a.	his emotional reaction is probably controlled by careful, systematic thought.	
b.	his emotional reaction probably occurs before careful, systematic thought takes over.	
c.	careful, systematic thought is probably controlled by his emotional reaction.	
d.	careful, systematic thought probably occurs before his emotional reaction takes over.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	Automatic versus Controlled Processing
OBJ:	Conceptual

	36.	____________ operates to mold animals and plants so that traits that enhance the probability of survival are passed on to subsequent generations.
a.	Social Darwinism	c.	Natural selection	
b.	Naturalistic fallacy	d.	Connectionism	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same	OBJ:	Factual

	37.	Which of the following practices do people share with animals, especially higher primates?
a.	facial expressions	c.	wariness around spiders	
b.	group living	d.	Both a and b are correct.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same	OBJ:	Factual

	38.	The naturalistic fallacy refers to the claim that
a.	things should be different than the way they are now.	
b.	people can overcome many things they are predisposed to do.	
c.	the process of evolution can select for disadvantageous characteristics.	
d.	the way things are is the way they should be.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same	OBJ:	Factual

	39.	The text describes a study in which children were shown a candy box with the lid closed. The researcher asked them to predict what was in the box. Naturally, the children said, “candy.” Next, the researcher showed the children that, in reality, there were pencils in the box. Finally, the researcher asked the children to predict what a friend will say is in the box. ____________ tend to say ____________.
a.	Normal 4-year-olds; “pencils.”	
b.	Normal 4-year-olds; “candy.”	
c.	Autistic 4-year-olds; “candy.”	
d.	Autistic 4-year-olds; nothing, because they have not acquired language.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Medium	
REF:	Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same	OBJ:	Factual

	40.	According to evolutionary theory, males put ____________ investment in their offspring than females because males ____________.
a.	less; have more opportunities to produce offspring.	
b.	more; have fewer opportunities to produce offspring.	
c.	less; are more likely to die before their offspring reach maturity.	
d.	more; are less likely to die before their offspring each maturity.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Medium	
REF:	Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same	OBJ:	Factual

	41.	One of the most commonly used social neuroscience techniques is known as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This technique detects ____________ to determine which parts of the brain are active during certain activities.
a.	electrical activity	c.	blood flow	
b.	radio active isotopes	d.	neurotransmitter levels	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Difficult	
REF:	Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same	OBJ:	Factual

	42.	Why is Social Darwinism a distorted application of Darwin’s theory?
a.	It assumes that some groups of people are more deserving of survival than others.	
b.	It assumes that many characteristics that people share are the result of natural selection.	
c.	It assumes that some groups of people are stronger than others.	
d.	It assumes that many human behaviors and institutions are universal.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same	OBJ:	Conceptual

	43.	Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the evolutionary perspective?
a.	People share many practices and institutions with animals, especially higher primates.	
b.	Behavioral propensities are subject to selection pressures.	
c.	Physical characteristics are subject to selection pressures.	
d.	What we are biologically predisposed to do is what we inevitably will do.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Medium	
REF:	Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same	OBJ:	Conceptual

	44.	Theory of mind is important for group living because it
a.	is necessary for language acquisition.	
b.	can treat autism.	
c.	can prevent misunderstandings that could lead to aggression or death.	
d.	decreases selection pressures.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Medium	
REF:	Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same	OBJ:	Conceptual

	45.	What advantage do social neuroscience techniques (such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) have over other research methods used in social psychology?
a.	Neuroscience techniques distinguish between proximal and distal causes of behavior.	
b.	Meuroscience techniques correlate social behavior with regions of brain activity.	
c.	Neuroscience techniques distinguish between cultural and evolutionary causes of behavior.	
d.	Neuroscience techniques correlate individual behavior with evolutionary causes.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Difficult	
REF:	Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same	OBJ:	Conceptual

	46.	In an individualist culture, a person’s sense of self tends to be based largely on
a.	personal achievements.	c.	political or religious values.	
b.	bringing credit to his or her family.	d.	group membership.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	Culture and Human Behavior: How We Are Different	OBJ:	Factual

	47.	Societies may differ from each other in many ways, but it is important to recognize that
a.	there are still regional and subcultural differences within any large society.	
b.	people living within the same society tend to think and behave similarly.	
c.	there are few individual differences within a society.	
d.	broad generalizations about psychological differences between societies rarely are supported by research findings.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	Culture and Human Behavior: How We Are Different	OBJ:	Applied

	48.	In the United States, a large luxury sedan is marketed by the slogan, “Feel good about yourself. Drive a Lexmark.” According to broad generalizations surrounding the individualist-collectivist distinction, why might this slogan be less successful in Japan?
a.	because people in Japan already have extremely high levels of self-esteem	
b.	because people in Japan do not have a strong need to feel good about themselves	
c.	because people in Japan are less materialistic than Americans	
d.	because people in Japan prefer smaller, more intimate cars	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Medium	
REF:	Culture and Human Behavior: How We Are Different	OBJ:	Applied

	49.	Which of the following is a fundamental difference between individualist and collectivist cultures?
a.	Independent cultures tend to value status and success, whereas collectivist cultures do not.	
b.	Independent cultures have few social norms, whereas collectivist cultures do.	
c.	Independent cultures tend to view their relationships with other people as voluntary, whereas collectivists do not.	
d.	Independent cultures tend to emphasize hierarchical relationships with others, whereas collectivist cultures do not.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Medium	
REF:	Culture and Human Behavior: How We Are Different	OBJ:	Conceptual

	50.	Which statement is most consistent with the beliefs of an individualist culture?
a.	Eat, drink, and be merry.	
b.	Live by the sword, die by the sword.	
c.	Different strokes for different folks.	
d.	The nail that stands out gets pounded down.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Medium	
REF:	Culture and Human Behavior: How We Are Different	OBJ:	Conceptual

TRUE/FALSE

	1.	Social psychologists test intuitions by crafting experiments that isolate the causes of behavior in social situations.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Easy	REF:	Characterizing Social Psychology
OBJ:	Factual

	2.	Channel factors can appear to be unimportant on the surface but have significant consequences for behavior.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Medium	REF:	The Power of the Situation
OBJ:	Factual

	3.	People tend to believe that behaviors are caused by situational factors as opposed to dispositional factors.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Easy	REF:	The Power of the Situation
OBJ:	Applied

	4.	In the Milgram experiment, over 60 percent of the participants delivered the highest shock possible to “the learner.”

ANS:	T	DIF:	Medium	REF:	The Power of the Situation
OBJ:	Applied

	5.	Schemas are stores of generalized knowledge about the physical and social world.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Easy	REF:	The Role of Construal
OBJ:	Factual

	6.	Conscious processes are generally fast and can operate in parallel.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Medium	REF:	Automatic versus Controlled Processing
OBJ:	Factual

	7.	The claim that the way things are is the way they should be is known as the naturalistic fallacy.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same	OBJ:	Factual

	8.	The evolutionary theorist Charles Darwin assumed that natural selection is important for physical characteristics but NOT for behavioral propensities.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Medium	
REF:	Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same	OBJ:	Factual

	9.	The theory of parental investment predicts that males will invest large quantities of energy after copulation in the rearing of offspring.

ANS:	T	DIF:	Difficult	
REF:	Evolution and Human Behavior : How We Are the Same	OBJ:	Applied

	10.	Personal uniqueness is an important aspect of self-definition among people living in interdependent cultures.

ANS:	F	DIF:	Difficult	
REF:	Culture and Human Behavior: How We Are Different	OBJ:	Conceptual

SHORT ANSWER

	1.	Define social psychology and explain how this field differs from the fields of personality psychology and sociology.

ANS:	
Answers will vary

DIF:	Medium	REF:	Characterizing Social Psychology	OBJ:	Factual

	2.	What is a channel factor? How is this concept relevant to health-care usage?

ANS:	
Answers will vary

DIF:	Medium	REF:	The Power of the Situation	OBJ:	Conceptual

	3.	Explain Kurt Lewin’s concept of the field of forces. Discuss how this concept is relevant to the goals of social psychology.

ANS:	
Answers will vary

DIF:	Difficult	REF:	The Power of the Situation	OBJ:	Conceptual

	4.	While having dinner at a restaurant, your waiter is rude and makes snide comments. What would the Fundamental Attribution Error predict about what you will attribute the cause of the waiter’s behavior to be? Why would you be likely to make this error?

ANS:	
Answers will vary

DIF:	Difficult	REF:	The Power of the Situation	OBJ:	Conceptual

	5.	What is a construal? Describe two different ways in which a person might construe the same situation.

ANS:	
Answers will vary

DIF:	Easy	REF:	The Role of Construal	OBJ:	Factual

	6.	Compare and contrast schemas and stereotypes. In addition, describe two ways in which schemas might influence behavior in social situations.

ANS:	
Answers will vary

DIF:	Medium	REF:	The Role of Construal	OBJ:	Conceptual

	7.	Explain what controlled and automatic processes are and give one example of each.

ANS:	
Answers will vary

DIF:	Medium	REF:	Automatic versus Controlled Processing	
OBJ:	Applied

	8.	What is the naturalistic fallacy? Explain how this phenomenon is relevant to racism.

ANS:	
Answers will vary

DIF:	Medium	REF:	Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same
OBJ:	Factual

	9.	Describe two aspects of emotion that appear to be universal—that is, common across many different cultures. Why, according to the evolutionary perspective, would different cultures manifest these commonalities?

ANS:	
Answers will vary

DIF:	Difficult	REF:	Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same
OBJ:	Applied

	10.	Summarize the differences between interdependent and independent cultures.

ANS:	
Answers will vary

DIF:	Difficult	REF:	Culture and Human Behavior: How We Are Different
OBJ:	Factual