Craft, Gordon: Understanding Pathophysiology, 2nd Edition

Chapter 01: Introduction to clinical science

Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A sign is:

a.	an alteration to normal body function.	
b.	a subjective indication of the patient experience reported by the patient.	
c.	an objective measurement or recording.	
d.	a localised response to disease.	

ANS: C 		REF: p 5

2. When a patient has a set of signs and symptoms that occur together and are specific to a particular condition with an unknown cause, this is referred to as a/n:

a.	disease.	
b.	disorder.	
c.	aetiology.	
d.	syndrome.	

ANS: D 		REF: p 5

3. Frank presents to the emergency room at your local hospital and reports feelings of nausea and pain in the abdomen. Frank’s self-reported experiences are referred to as:

a.	disorders.	
b.	signs.	
c.	symptoms.	
d.	syndromes.	

ANS: C 		REF: p 5

4. In relation to disease, the term incidence refers to:

a.	the number of people who have the disease at any one time.	
b.	the number of new cases that have been diagnosed and confirmed within a set time period.	
c.	the presence of several diseases in the same patient.	
d.	the proportion of the population with the disease.	

ANS: B 		REF: p 6

5. Jane has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and her physician has told her that she is also obese and will need to lose some weight. In Jane’s case, obesity is:

a.	a comorbidity	
b.	a measure of mortality	
c.	a symptom	
d.	an incidence.	

ANS: A 		REF: p 6

6. The sagittal plane:

a.	divides the body into left and right.	
b.	refers to the exact middle of the body.	
c.	divides the body into upper and lower segments.	
d.	divides the body into front and back.	

ANS: A 		REF: p 8

7. The frontal plane:

a.	divides the body into left and right.	
b.	refers to the exact middle of the body.	
c.	divides the body into upper and lower segments.	
d.	divides the body into front and back.	

ANS: D 		REF: p 8

8. The transverse plane:

a.	divides the body into left and right.	
b.	refers to the exact middle of the body.	
c.	divides the body into upper and lower segments.	
d.	divides the body into front and back.	

ANS: C 		REF: p 8

9. The nose is:

a.	superior to the forehead.	
b.	medial to the ear.	
c.	ipsilateral to the ear.	
d.	dorsal to the forehead.	

ANS: B 		REF: p 9

10. The term ventral refers to the:

a.	anterior of the body.	
b.	posterior surface of the body.	
c.	medial plane of the body.	
d.	dorsal surface of the body.	

ANS: A 		REF: p 9

11. The elbow is:

a.	distal to the finger.	
b.	medial to the stomach.	
c.	proximal to the wrist.	
d.	superior to the head.	

ANS: C 		REF: p 9

12. The dorsal cavity contains the:

a.	brain and spinal cord.	
b.	liver and spleen.	
c.	heart and lungs.	
d.	mediastinum.	

ANS: A 		REF: p 9

13. Which of the following are NOT located in the ventral body cavity?

a.	brain and spinal cord	
b.	liver and spleen	
c.	heart and lungs	
d.	gallbladder and thymus	

ANS: A 		REF: p 9

14. A deficiency of oxygen in the blood is referred to as:

a.	hypoxia.	
b.	hyperoxia.	
c.	hypoxaemia.	
d.	hypotension.	

ANS: C 		REF: p 10

15. The prefixes a- or an- mean:

a.	fat.	
b.	lack of.	
c.	self.	
d.	within.	

ANS: B 		REF: p 11

16. In medical terms when something is low or deficient the prefix used is:

a.	hypo.	
b.	hyper.	
c.	hepat.	
d.	heam.	

ANS: A 		REF: p 11

17. In medical terms when something is ‘equal to’ the prefix used is:

a.	inter.	
b.	hypo.	
c.	leuco.	
d.	iso.	

ANS: D 		REF: p 11

18. In medical terms suffix ‘cyte’ refers to:

a.	cell.	
b.	in the blood.	
c.	inflammation.	
d.	tumour.	

ANS: A 		REF: p 11

19. Which of the following is an example of an element found in the human body?

a.	carbon	
b.	sodium chloride	
c.	sodium bicarbonate	
d.	hydrochloric acid	

ANS: A 		REF: p 13

20. Which of the following substances is a cation?

a.	carbon	
b.	calcium	
c.	chloride	
d.	hydroxide	

ANS: B 		REF: p 13

21. Which of the following substances is an anion?

a.	hydroxide	
b.	hydrogen	
c.	nitrogen	
d.	magnesium	

ANS: A 		REF: p 13

22. A cation is defined as:

a.	a positively charged ion.	
b.	an acid.	
c.	a negatively charged ion.	
d.	a base.	

ANS: A 		REF: p 13

23. A molecule:

a.	contains two or more different elements.	
b.	contains two or more of the same element.	
c.	contains water.	
d.	is an acid.	

ANS: B 		REF: p 13

24. A compound:

a.	contains two or more different elements.	
b.	contains two or more of the same element.	
c.	is an acid.	
d.	is a base.	

ANS: A 		REF: p 13

25. The specific name for elements that carry an electrical charge is:

a.	molecules.	
b.	compounds.	
c.	atoms.	
d.	ions.	

ANS: D 		REF: p 13

26. A patient is given a drink that contains a substance that does not mix well with water. This substance would be described as:

a.	hydrophilic.	
b.	hydrophobic.	
c.	lipophilic.	
d.	amphipathic.	

ANS: B 		REF: p 13

27. In chemistry an acid is a substance that:

a.	has a high pH.	
b.	releases H+ in solution.	
c.	does not mix with water.	
d.	binds H+ in solution.	

ANS: B 		REF: p 14

28. When an equal number of molecules of hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate are mixed together:

a.	the solution becomes acidic.	
b.	the pH rises above 8.	
c.	the solution becomes alkaline.	
d.	the acid is neutralised.	

ANS: D 		REF: p 14

29. The normal pH range of the blood is:

a.	6.33–7.33.	
b.	7.00–7.50.	
c.	7.35–7.45.	
d.	7.80–8.00.	

ANS: C 		REF: p 14

30. A patient’s blood results show that the arterial blood pH is 7.24. This patient:

a.	has a pH within the normal range.	
b.	is suffering from an alkalosis.	
c.	is suffering from an acidosis.	
d.	has too much base in the blood.	

ANS: C 		REF: p 14

31. Which of the following has the lowest pH?

a.	bicarbonate of soda	
b.	soap	
c.	pure water	
d.	stomach contents	

ANS: D 		REF: p 15

32. Alkaline substances tend to:

a.	decrease the pH of a solution they are added to.	
b.	taste bitter.	
c.	feel slippery to touch.	
d.	taste sour.	

ANS: C 		REF: p 14

33. Enzymes are used by the body:

a.	to provide a protective buffer around the internal organs.	
b.	as the main fuel source.	
c.	as the key structural component of cell membranes.	
d.	to speed up chemical reactions.	

ANS: D 		REF: pp 15

34. Lipids are made up of:

a.	simple and complex sugars.	
b.	glycerol and fatty acids.	
c.	amino acids.	
d.	nucleic acids.	

ANS: B 		REF: p 16

35. If the number of particles of gas within a container stays constant, and the volume of the container is reduced, then:

a.	the pressure within the container will rise.	
b.	the pressure within the container will fall.	
c.	the pressure within the container will remain unchanged.	
d.	the pressure outside of the container will fall.	

ANS: A 		REF: p 17