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Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Which of the following questions is NOT likely to be addressed by social psychologists? 
A. Are our social beliefs self-fulfilling?
B. In what ways do other people influence our attitudes and actions?
C. What situations trigger people to be helpful or greedy?
D. Is human development a continuous process or does it proceed through a series of stages?
 
2. Compared with ______, social psychology focuses less on differences among individuals, and more on how individuals, in general, view and affect one another. 
A. sociology
B. clinical psychology
C. personality psychology
D. cultural psychology
 
3. Cinderella's Prince had trouble recognizing her in her home as opposed to the ballroom where they met. This observation reflects 
A. the power of the situation.
B. the importance of cognition.
C. the power of the person.
D. common-sense psychology.
 
4. Among other issues, social psychology is the scientific study of 
A. how people influence one another.
B. how people change over time.
C. all of the choices are correct.
D. none of the choices are correct.
 
5. The first social psychology text was published 
A. in the early 1930s, when researchers examined the effects of deprivation on aggression and altruism.
B. in World War I, when psychologists conducted studies of social conflict and cooperation.
C. in World War II, when researchers performed studies of persuasion and soldier morale.
D. in the early 1900s, shortly after social psychology experiments began to be conducted.
 
6. The first social psychology experiments were reported 
A. just two centuries ago.
B. just a century ago.
C. just 75 years ago.
D. just after World War I.
 
7. According to the text, which of the following processes shape human behaviour? 
A. Intuitions
B. Personal attitudes and dispositions
C. Social influences
D. All of the choices are correct
 
8. Sarah is taking a psychology class and has a particular view about human behaviour. She strongly believes that humans are bio-psycho-social organisms, and that biological processes are the roots of social behaviour. Sarah is most likely to endorse what type of perspective on human behaviour? 
A. Sociological
B. Social psychology
C. Social neuroscience
D. Biological
 
9. Which of the following is NOT one of the major themes in social psychology? 
A. Social influences shape our behaviour.
B. Social intuitions are often incorrect but powerful.
C. Social behaviour is biologically rooted.
D. Relating to others is a basic need.
 
10. Psychological science has revealed that much of our thinking occurs 
A. when we are asleep.
B. only when we carefully attend to the information.
C. in collaboration with others.
D. intuitively.
 
11. Williams and colleagues (2001, 2002) investigated whether relating to others is a basic need. The results of their studies show that 
A. feeling left out increases once desire to perform better on standardized tests.
B. feeling left out can have negative effects on how people feel about others.
C. feeling left out can have negative effects on how people feel about themselves.
D. none of the choices are correct.
 
12. Based upon the results of their study, Leary and Baumeister (2000) argued that the basis of our self-esteem is the result of 
A. how well we cope with rejection.
B. how frightening or intimidating we can make others feel.
C. how competent we are in our job.
D. how accepted we feel by others.
 
13. Sociologists study the structure and function of 
A. relationships.
B. societies.
C. groups.
D. cultures.
 
14. Which of the following examples is a question that a social psychologist would most likely study? 
A. How have divorce rates changed over time?
B. What accounts for racial differences in intelligence?
C. In deciding how they will vote in an election, are individuals more influenced by one persuasive medium than by another?
D. In what ways do children learn differently than do adults?
 
15. In studying racial attitudes, a social psychologist would be most interested in understanding 
A. how individuals develop racial attitudes.
B. how the attitudes of one class are different from those of another.
C. the age difference in racial prejudice.
D. the history of racial prejudice.
 
16. Of the following studies, which is most likely to be conducted by a social psychologist? 
A. An experimenter watches to see whether hungry game players use a more aggressive strategy than players who are not hungry.
B. An interviewer does a case study of a physically disabled veteran.
C. An archival researcher examines records of divorce rates across cultures.
D. A test administrator measures the skills of an adolescent whose class performance has been poor.
 
17. Personality psychologists are more interested in _____, while social psychologists more likely focus on _____. 
A. normal personality; disordered or abnormal behaviour
B. individual differences; our common humanity
C. situational influences; internal motivations
D. cognition; emotion
 
18. In a study by Mehl and Pennebaker (2003), students wore microcassette recorders and microphones, and were recorded for brief periods of time at regular intervals throughout their days. Their study revealed that 
A. humans are solitary beings and do not engage in communication as much as we think.
B. individuals spend a great deal of time talking to others, but their conversations were often of little substance or meaning.
C. communication was unrelated to social needs as people talked to themselves as much as they talked to others.
D. relationships and communication are an integral part of being human.
 
19. Which of the following least demonstrates how the power of the situation can influence behaviour? 
A. A depressed man feels that his wife and family put too much pressure on him.
B. Public concerns about mental illness increase, following high profile cases in the news.
C. Canadians come together to support others after a natural disaster.
D. The atrocities that were committed during the Holocaust.
 
20. According to the divisions in social psychology and their corresponding themes, social influence is to ________________, whereas social relation is to _______________. 
A. constructing our social reality; relating to others as a basic need
B. dispositions shaping behaviour; social behaviour being biologically based
C. social influences shaping behaviour; social intuitions being powerful
D. social behaviour being biologically based; relating to others as a basic need
 
21. Which of the following is NOT an example of how values play a role in social psychology? 
A. Values influence researchers' choice of topics.
B. Values affect the types of people attracted to various disciplines.
C. Values are frequently the object of social psychological analysis.
D. Values influence the study of individual differences.
 
22. Which of the following is NOT an example of how values subtly influence science? 
A. Values guide scientists' assumptions and preconceptions.
B. Values influence the labels scientists use for their concepts.
C. Values influence scientists' thoughts about what ought to be.
D. Values influence the role the IV has on the DV.
 
23. Rohan is a first year university student from India who is having some difficulties adjusting to university life. Which of the following is an example of a subtle way that Rohan's values influence his behaviour? 
A. Rohan prefers to eat at a local restaurant that serves Indian cuisine.
B. Rohan finds his peers very self-absorbed and "out for number one," whereas he was taught to respect others and do what was best for the collective group and not the individual.
C. Rohan interprets other students failures (e.g., getting poor grades) as a sign that they are not dedicated and are lazy.
D. Rohan participates in Canada Day celebrations, but finds that his level of excitement is very different from people who have lived in Canada all their lives.
 
24. Contrary to popular opinion, scientists investigate nature 
A. from a position of pure objectivity, with no personal motives or social agenda.
B. by interpreting it according to their own mental categories.
C. for its aesthetic value with little or no regard for the artificial value of objectivity.
D. with no preconceptions.
 
25. Common assumptions often go unchallenged among a group of scholars who share the same 
A. area of interest.
B. method of inquiry.
C. level of intelligence.
D. culture.
 
26. We tend to take for granted the shared beliefs that European social psychologists call our _____, our most important but least debated convictions. 
A. social representations
B. symbolic interactions
C. hindsight
D. naturalistic truths
 
27. The critique that social psychology has assumed that people are competitive and individualistic and that conformity is always bad, is likely to come from someone who believes that 
A. social psychology is not a "real science."
B. social psychology cannot study objective truth.
C. social psychology is the study of what we know through common sense.
D. social psychology has been influenced by Western cultural worldviews.
 
28. Which of the following statements is true? 
A. Science is purely objective.
B. Different levels of explanation compete to provide a real understanding of human nature.
C. Scientific labels are value-free.
D. Humans tend to prejudge reality based on expectations.
 
29. Which of the following psychological terms reflects a disguised value judgment? 
A. well-adjusted
B. mentally ill
C. self-actualized
D. all of these choices are correct
 
30. Which of the following labels implies a judgment based on subjective values? 
A. freedom fighter
B. terrorist
C. patriot
D. all of the choices are correct
 
31. Which of the following illustrates how hidden values might influence social psychology? 
A. Choosing to study aggression in adolescents.
B. Choosing to study aggression in a laboratory.
C. Choosing to use university students as research subjects.
D. All of the choices are correct.
 
32. Which of the following statements is true about values and social psychology? 
A. Research trends are usually out of step with the social concerns of their times.
B. The fact that human thinking always involves interpretation is precisely why we need scientific analysis.
C. Research into how values form, change, and influence one another helps us identify which of them are right.
D. All of these choices are correct.
 
33. The statement, "The way things are is the way they ought to be," reflects the 
A. hindsight bias.
B. social representation.
C. naturalistic fallacy.
D. correlation-causality bias.
 
34. A cross-cultural researcher finds that across the world most legislators are male. He concludes that the political office in his own country should be closed to women. The researcher is most clearly guilty of 
A. the naturalistic fallacy.
B. the hindsight bias.
C. illusory correlation.
D. false consensus effect.
 
35. A researcher finds that university students wash their hands on an average of three times a day. She concludes that an educational program is necessary to encourage frequent hand washing by those who wash their hands less than once a day. The researcher is probably guilty of 
A. hindsight bias.
B. the "I knew it all along" phenomenon.
C. illusory correlation.
D. the naturalistic fallacy.
 
36. Two contradictory criticisms faced by social psychology are that its findings are obvious and that 
A. its findings are complicated.
B. its findings are false.
C. its findings could be used to manipulate people.
D. its findings are contradictory.
 
37. The quote, "One problem with common sense is that we invoke it after we know the facts," from your textbook describes 
A. the naturalistic fallacy.
B. the hindsight bias.
C. the illusory correlation.
D. the social representations bias.
 
38. The hindsight bias contributes to the idea that 
A. psychological experiments lack mundane realism.
B. social psychology is potentially dangerous.
C. the results of psychological experiments are mere common sense.
D. psychological experiments lack experimental realism.
 
39. When people claimed to have easily foreseen research findings about World War II soldiers, researcher Paul Lazarsfeld concluded that 
A. participants already knew the results beforehand.
B. people seemed surprised by their ability to foresee the results.
C. people foresaw the opposite results to what was actually found.
D. ex-soldiers more easily foresaw the results than other people.
 
40. According to the text, _______________ tends to make people overconfident about their ability to predict something that, at the time it was unfolding, they had no idea how it will all turn out. 
A. the fundamental attribution error
B. the illusory correlation
C. the naturalistic fallacy
D. the hindsight bias
 
41. The naturalistic fallacy involves "____________" reasoning, whereas the hindsight bias involves "_____________" reasoning. 
A. common sense; after the fact
B. what ought to be; I knew it all along
C. after the fact; I knew it all along
D. what ought to be; what should have been
 
42. Amy reads a research article and feels like it didn't tell her anything she didn't already know. However, when asked to guess the results of another experiment before reading it, she failed. Amy's experience illustrates the 
A. hindsight bias.
B. foresight bias.
C. confirmation bias.
D. correspondence bias.
 
43. When researcher Karl Teigen gave students the actual proverb "fear is stronger than love," most rated it as true. When he gave others the reverse form, "love is stronger than fear," 
A. most rated it as false.
B. most rated it as true.
C. half as many rated it as true.
D. only 1 percent rated it as true.
 
44. Which of the following is the best example of hindsight bias? 
A. Being careful in a new relationship because you've been hurt in the past.
B. Being confident when placing a bet on a sporting event.
C. Changing your opinions on important issues as you get older.
D. Reading your horoscope at the end of the day and deciding it was accurate.
 
45. A closely watched game between the Wolverines and the Eagles goes into overtime, and ultimately the Eagles win by just one point. According to research on the hindsight bias, fans of ______ will probably say ______. 
A. the Wolverines; the Eagles' victory was a surprise.
B. the Eagles; the Eagles' victory was a surprise.
C. both teams; they thought the Eagles would win.
D. both teams; they thought the Wolverines would win.
 
46. Hindsight bias can explain why 
A. you really passed an exam when you thought had failed it.
B. you knew the course material as the exam was being taken up in class.
C. you remembered the course material better after you had written the exam.
D. you only remembered the course material until you wrote the exam, then promptly forgot most of it.
 
47. The hindsight bias affects the way we view decision makers, making us more likely to 
A. see their decisions as surprisingly insightful and correct.
B. blame them for making obviously bad choices.
C. forgive them for making understandable mistakes in crises.
D. admire them for handling well those choices we ourselves cannot make.
 
48. The hindsight bias often makes people 
A. underestimate their intellectual powers.
B. overconfident about the validity of their judgments and predictions.
C. feel surprised when research confirms common sense.
D. more likely to excuse others for their bad decisions.
 
49. Proverbs such as "absence makes the heart grow fonder" or "out of sight, out of mind" best illustrate that 
A. social psychology is all just common sense.
B. individuals engage in the naturalistic fallacy and only see what fits with their ideas.
C. experiments often generate contradictory results that are difficult to explain.
D. the hindsight bias is used to make almost any result seem to make sense.
 
50. An integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events is called 
A. a test.
B. a hypothesis.
C. a proof.
D. a theory.
 
51. A good theory will make clear predictions that 
A. confirm or modify the theory.
B. generate new exploration.
C. suggest practical application.
D. all of the choices are correct.
 
52. Hypothesis is to theory, as __________ is to ___________. 
A. exam; knowledge
B. car; driver
C. control; variable
D. science; research
 
53. A research hypothesis is a 
A. theory.
B. testable prediction.
C. collection of empirical observations.
D. technique for analyzing data.
 
54. Why do biologists refer to the "theory" of evolution instead of the "fact" of evolution? 
A. Because evolution is not universally believed.
B. Because it is impossible to scientifically test evolutionary principles.
C. Because the theory of evolution summarizes a whole set of scientific facts.
D. Because only theories that have been proven true may be referred to as "facts."
 
55. Hypotheses implied by a theory allow researchers to 
A. learn about the theory.
B. test the theory.
C. confirm the theory.
D. disconfirm the theory.
 
56. Juanita is a social psychologist who is interested in studying aggressive behaviours in crowd settings. She observed this crowd behaviour when two people got stabbed in the aftermath of a playoff victory celebration for Edmonton Oilers fans that turned into a riot in 2006. She designs an experiment where she has defined her "crowd" as 30 people in a small classroom who are watching a hockey game. The way in which her experimental variable relates to the theoretical concept of "crowd" pertains to 
A. how the variable is tested
B. what the hypothesis about crowds is.
C. how the variable is operationalized.
D. whether she can infer correlation or causation.
 
57. Which of the following techniques would be the most effective way of investigating the relationship between the social status and the level of education of Canadian citizens? 
A. an experiment
B. a case study
C. a correlational study
D. a participant observation
 
58. When theories are discarded, it is usually because they 
A. have been falsified.
B. have been displaced by newer, better theories.
C. attempted to summarize too large a body of data.
D. generated too many testable hypotheses.
 
59. Research done in natural, real-life settings outside a laboratory is called 
A. case study research.
B. field research.
C. correlational research.
D. experimental research.
 
60. You would like to know the relationship between the number of psychology courses people take and their interpersonal sensitivity. You survey college students to determine how much psychology they have taken and then have them complete a test of social sensitivity. Finally you plot the relationship. This is an example of 
A. a laboratory experiment.
B. a field experiment.
C. a correlational study.
D. participant observation.
 
61. A researcher is interested in learning whether young people whose fathers are absent from home are more likely to engage in delinquent behaviour. She compares the arrest rates of boys whose fathers are absent with those of boys whose fathers are present at home. This is an example of 
A. a correlational study.
B. an experimental study.
C. a field experiment.
D. a self-report study.
 
62. A naturally occurring relationship among variables is known as 
A. a correlation.
B. a coefficient.
C. an attribution.
D. a causal link.
 
63. Which of the following statements about correlational research is true? 
A. It enables prediction of one variable given knowledge of the other.
B. It specifies the cause-effect relationship among variables.
C. It can only be carried out in controlled laboratory settings.
D. All of these choices are correct.
 
64. A researcher finds that higher social status is associated with greater health. What could explain this positive correlation? 
A. Having a high social status leads to better health.
B. Being in good health allows one to achieve higher social status.
C. Other facts like family background may contribute to a greater likelihood of having good health and high status.
D. All of the choices are correct.
 
65. Which of the following research situations best represent an example of correlational research? 
A. A psychologist administers to his participants a mood questionnaire and collects their demographics data and then looks at the relationship between the variables he considered.
B. A psychologist administers to her participants either 3 mg of sugar or 8 mg of sugar and then asks them to complete a mood questionnaire. She will subsequently examine if sugar had an effect on participant's mood.
C. All of the choices are correct.
D. None of the choices are correct.
 
66. Research has shown that tall grave markers (a status symbol) are 
A. the cause of longevity.
B. unrelated to longevity.
C. positively correlated with longevity.
D. negatively correlated with longevity.
 
67. Variable X is correlated with Variable Y. Which of the following could explain this correlation? 
A. X causes Y.
B. Y causes X.
C. A third variable causes or influences both X and Y.
D. All of the choices are correct.
 
68. In correlational research, knowing a person's high school grades may help you to _______ that person's likelihood of succeeding in university. 
A. predict
B. control for
C. randomly select
D. improve
 
69. Tara has noticed that when she feels better about herself (i.e., higher self-esteem), her friends and guys she is interested in dating tell her that she looks more attractive. According to this example, self-esteem and perceived attractiveness show 
A. a negative correlation.
B. a positive correlation.
C. a time-lagged correlation.
D. no correlation.
 
70. In a study of teenagers, Maruyama and colleagues concluded that self-esteem and achievement are positively correlated because 
A. higher self-esteem boosts achievement.
B. achievement produces higher self-esteem.
C. both self-esteem and achievement are linked to underlying intelligence and family social status.
D. both self-esteem and achievement are linked to healthy physical and psychological adjustment.
 
71. Cause-effect relationships are studied using 
A. experimental research methods.
B. correlational research methods.
C. field research methods.
D. survey research methods.
 
72. The great strength of correlational survey research is that it 
A. brings important factors into the laboratory.
B. studies factors in real-world settings that cannot be manipulated in the laboratory.
C. establishes clear cause-effect connections among variables.
D. maintains high mundane realism and thus increases generalizability.
 
73. Advanced correlational techniques that reveal the sequence of events and suggest cause-effect relations are called 
A. field correlations.
B. time-lagged correlations.
C. developmental correlations.
D. representative correlations.
 
74. A great disadvantage of correlational research is that 
A. it does not allow us to examine factors like race and social status.
B. knowing that two variables change together does not allow us to predict one when we know the other.
C. it rules out consideration of confounding variables.
D. it does not specify cause and effect.
 
75. What can you conclude from knowing that a correlation exists between poor nutrition and lower grades in school children? 
A. Hunger makes it difficult for children to concentrate in school.
B. Improving children's nutrition will improve their achievement in school.
C. As children's nourishment declines, so too do their grades.
D. All of the choices are correct.
 
76. In selecting a random sample from a population, a researcher must 
A. allow chance to determine the size of the sample.
B. sacrifice control by disregarding information about the population.
C. make sure every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample.
D. select most sample members from the middle of any ordered listing.
 
77. In conducting your research, you make sure that every person in the population has an equal chance of participating in your survey. This procedure is known as 
A. random sampling.
B. random assignment.
C. naturalistic observation.
D. equal sampling.
 
78. To achieve a representative sample of adult Canadians' views on gun registration, which of the following strategies should you pursue? 
A. Survey the attitudes of 1,000 adults in Ontario and 1,000 adults in Alberta.
B. Survey the attitudes of 1,000 adults in each province and territory.
C. Place ads in all major newspapers asking Canadians to call and give their views.
D. Randomly select a large sample of adult Canadians to survey.
 
79. Opinion polls and surveys 
A. describe public opinion as of the moment they are taken.
B. predict respondents' immediate behaviour.
C. predict respondents' long-range behaviour.
D. are too biased to be meaningful.
 
80. Surveying about _____ will enable a survey researcher to be 95 percent confident of describing the entire population, with only a 3 percent margin of error. 
A. 12,000 randomly assigned participants
B. 1,200 randomly selected participants
C. one-third of the total population
D. one-twelfth of the total population
 
81. A news reporter wants to survey voters about their candidate preferences in an upcoming national election. In order to be 95 percent confident of her results, and have only a 3 percent margin of error, she should make sure the sample has at least _____ individuals. 
A. 200
B. 1,200
C. 15,000
D. 55,000
 
82. Imagine that a major television network got the opinions of over 1 million people regarding our next election. The results suggest that Candidate A would win in a landslide over Candidate B. Weeks later, we find that candidate B won in a landslide. Given the results of the election, we are justified to say that the television network's survey was plagued by 
A. lack of random assignment.
B. unrepresentative sampling.
C. confounded variables.
D. lack of experimental control.
 
83. Ann Landers' 1984 survey of women readers' opinions about romantic affection and sex was probably 
A. not valid because it did not include men.
B. flawed because it was not representative of the population.
C. worthless because the sample size was too small.
D. as valid and informative as other, more "scientific" surveys.
 
84. Research on the wording of survey questions suggests that 
A. how questions are framed influence how they are answered.
B. how questions are framed have very little influence on how they are answered.
C. wording is an unimportant element of survey research.
D. framing the questions differently will not influence apparent public opinion.
 
85. In the study on question wording by Darrin Lehman and his colleagues (1992) at the University of British Colombia, it was found that 
A. question wording affected both more and less knowledgeable students.
B. question wording didn't affect students who were less knowledgeable.
C. knowledge of the issue didn't interact with question wording to influence response.
D. more knowledgeable students were unaffected by the question wording.
 
86. Evidence shows that question wording affects 
A. less knowledgeable persons.
B. more knowledgeable persons.
C. neither more nor less knowledgeable persons.
D. both more and less knowledgeable.
 
87. Jason had signed up for a social psychology study where he was completing a survey about prejudice and racism. Even though he holds a belief that some minority groups are lazy and feels negatively towards them, he completed the survey according to what he thought the researchers would want to hear. He also made himself appear in a positive light. The tendency for people to do this is called 
A. hindsight bias.
B. naturalistic fallacy.
C. unrepresentative sampling.
D. social desirability.
 
88. Which of the following research methods have social psychologists used in about three-fourths of their studies? 
A. correlational
B. experimental
C. survey
D. naturalistic observation
 
89. To determine whether changing one variable (like education) results in changes in another (like income), we need to conduct ____________ research. 
A. survey
B. correlational
C. experimental
D. naturalistic
 
90. If a researcher intends to demonstrate that the presence of others results in decreased performance on a spatial task, which of the following research method will be the most effective in demonstrating it? 
A. an experiment
B. a correlational study
C. a survey
D. a field study
 
91. Sometimes social psychologists create deceptive scenarios for experimental research because 
A. subjects may use hindsight bias if the true nature of an experiment is explained beforehand.
B. manipulating research subjects leads to stronger findings.
C. simulated situations are easier for researchers to control.
D. using deceptive scenarios allows researchers to make cause-and-effect conclusions.
 
92. The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates in an experiment is the 
A. independent variable.
B. dependent variable.
C. control group.
D. hypothesis.
 
93. An experimenter exposes participants to different temperature levels to determine its effect on aggression. Temperature is the 
A. independent variable.
B. dependent variable.
C. control variable.
D. confounding variable.
 
94. Snyder and Haugen found that when men were asked to evaluate a woman whom they presumed was obese, she 
A. spoke less warmly and less happily.
B. spoke with more humour and laughter.
C. tried to compensate with more intelligent conversation.
D. showed greater interest in politics and sports.
 
95. In an experimental study on the effects of alcohol consumption on aggression, aggression would be the _____________ variable. 
A. controlled
B. dependent
C. experimental
D. independent
 
96. Boyatzis and his colleagues (1995) showed elementary school children an episode of a violent children's television program. The viewing of this material resulted in an increase in the children's aggressive behaviour. The aggressive behaviour represents the 
A. independent variable.
B. dependent variable.
C. control variable.
D. confounding variable.
 
97. In an experimental study of the effects of fear on the desire to affiliate, fear would be the ______________ variable. 
A. experimental
B. independent
C. control
D. dependent
 
98. In a psychological experiment, the factor being measured is called the _____________ variable. 
A. independent
B. experimental
C. dependent
D. controlled
 
99. An experimenter exposes participants to different temperature levels to determine its effect on aggression. Aggression is the 
A. independent variable.
B. dependent variable.
C. control variable.
D. confounding variable.
 
100. A research psychologist manipulates the caffeine intake (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg) in human participants in the laboratory and then examines the effect of the different levels of caffeine on the participants' mood. In this study, the mood scores are the __________ variable. 
A. dependent
B. correlational
C. independent
D. experimental
 
101. The two essential ingredients of a social psychological experiment are 
A. random assignment and correlation.
B. control and random sampling.
C. control and random assignment.
D. random sampling and random assignment.
 
102. An experimenter studying competition wants to compare the behaviour of students performing a difficult task with that of students doing an easy task. She designates participants for each task, making sure that each student has an equal chance of being in either the hard or the easy condition. This procedure is known as 
A. random sampling.
B. random assignment.
C. conditional selection.
D. selective designation.
 
103. Researchers are investigating the effects of music on compliance, wherein 50 percent of the participants listen to happy music and 50 percent listen to sad music. What technique should the investigators use to ensure that any post-test differences in the group's compliance will result from the differences in music listening? 
A. random sampling
B. random assignment
C. replication
D. correlational measurement
 
104. Researchers wish to conduct an experiment investigating the effects of smoking on math performance. They place an ad in the national paper and invite smokers of all ages to participate. Such a process allows 
A. only smokers with lung cancer to participate in the study.
B. the researchers to find the relationship between smoking and math ability.
C. only the smartest participants to apply for the study.
D. the researchers to generalize the results to the population.
 
105. Manipulating one or two factors while holding others constant is the essence of 
A. independent variables.
B. dependent variables.
C. experimental control.
D. random sampling.
 
106. Putting participants in one of two conditions by flipping a coin illustrates 
A. random sampling.
B. sampling bias.
C. random assignment.
D. representative sampling.
 
107. An experimenter studying the over justification effect wants to compare the behaviour of students who are rewarded for doing an enjoyable task with that of students who are not rewarded. For each student, he decides which condition they will be in by flipping a coin. This procedure 
A. ensures that each student has an equal chance of being in either condition.
B. does not ensure that a random sample of participants will be selected.
C. helps to rule out initial group differences as a potential cause of the experimental effects.
D. all of the choices are correct.
 
108. Random assignment is to __________ as random sampling is to __________. 
A. correlation; causation
B. causation; control
C. cause and effect; generalizing to the population
D. generalizing to the population; cause and effect.
 
109. The answers respondents give to surveys may be influenced by biases from which of the following sources? 
A. the order in which questions are asked
B. the wording of the questions themselves
C. the response options
D. all of the choices are correct.
 
110. When a laboratory experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations, the experiment is said to be high in 
A. mundane realism.
B. experimental realism.
C. quality control.
D. situational validity.
 
111. When a laboratory experiment deeply absorbs and involves participants, the experiment has 
A. field quality.
B. experimental realism.
C. situational validity.
D. mundane realism.
 
112. For a social psychological experiment to be useful and conclusive, it must have 
A. experimental realism.
B. demand characteristics.
C. low generalizability.
D. low control.
 
113. A group of researchers decide to conduct a study of persuasion and they decide to video-tape the instructions that would instruct the participants what they are required to do. Their decision is most likely an attempt to minimize the effect of 
A. hindsight bias.
B. mundane realism.
C. naturalistic fallacy.
D. demand characteristics.
 
114. Deception of participants is employed when necessary to maintain 
A. experimenter authority.
B. situational validity.
C. experimental realism.
D. demand characteristics.
 
115. Cues in an experiment that tells participants what behaviour is expected of them are called 
A. hidden values.
B. demand characteristics.
C. naturalistic fallacies.
D. coefficients.
 
116. Demand characteristics may result in research subjects who 
A. closely obey a researcher in a white lab coat.
B. flirt with an attractive researcher.
C. try to be helpful by guessing at the correct responses to a researcher's questions.
D. all of the choices are correct.
 
117. The ethical principles developed by major psychological organizations dictate that potential research participants should be told enough about the experiment to 
A. make inaccurate guesses about its true purpose.
B. accurately perceive demand characteristics.
C. be able to give their informed consent.
D. detect the researcher's hidden values.
 
118. According to the ethical principles developed by Canada's Tri-Council, investigators conducting research are urged to do all of the following except: 
A. use of deception that is acceptable in research even when other alternatives exist as long as participants are fully debriefed afterwards.
B. treat information about the individual participants confidentially.
C. give participants enough information to enable their informed consent.
D. debrief participants and fully explain the experiment afterwards.
 
119. Social psychology experiments 
A. allow the results to be generalized to everyday life.
B. lead to conclusions about the effects of an independent variable.
C. do not usually reflect everyday reality.
D. all of the choices are correct.
 
120. The text suggests that we need to exert caution when generalizing from laboratory to life because 
A. the population we study and the population at large are two separate things.
B. laboratory testing is a simplified, controlled reality.
C. laboratory testing always shows effects that are greater than those found in the population.
D. we need to perform two studies before we generalize any findings to the population.
 
121. Which of the following practices are being used to try to detect and eliminate fraud in research? 
A. greater public availability of data from one's experiment
B. providing fuller reports of the methods used in experiments
C. carefully describing the statistical tests used to test hypotheses
D. all of the choices are correct
 
122. Compared with ________, social psychology focuses more on individuals with methods that more often use experimentation 
A. personality psychology
B. cognitive psychology
C. clinical psychology
D. sociology
 
123. When examining the effects of social influence, researchers would look at which of the following? 
A. attitudes
B. pressures to conform
C. aggression
D. perception of self and others
 
124. Why do researchers need to be cautious when generalizing findings from the laboratory to real life? 
A. the laboratory setting is simplified
B. the laboratory setting is a controlled reality
C. the laboratory setting does not use a random sample of all humanity
D. all of the choices are correct
 
125. Social psychologists study attitudes and beliefs, conformity and independence, love and hate. 
True    False
 
126. To understand social behaviour, researchers must consider biological and social influences. 
True    False
 
127. The hindsight bias is also known as the "I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon." 
True    False
 
128. In social psychology research, correlational experiments can prove cause and effect. 
True    False
 
129. In experimental research, the dependent variable is the variable that the researcher manipulates. 
True    False
 
130. Canada's Tri-Council does NOT require researchers to obtain informed consent from their participants. 
True    False
 
131. Choice of research topic is a subtle way in which values enter social psychology. 
True    False
 
132. Identify the seven major themes in social psychology and briefly describe each. 

 

 
133. Describe the naturalistic fallacy and how the personal values of social psychologists may influence their work. 

 

 
134. Describe the hindsight bias and explain how it could influence how much the typical student prepares for a social psychology exam. 

 

 
135. Define informed consent and review its importance from an ethical point of view. 

 

 
136. Compare and contrast correlational and experimental research. Be sure to address the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. 

 

 
137. Provide an example of an experimental research study on studying and grades. Be sure to indicate what the independent and dependent variables are. 

 

 
138. Distinguish between random sampling and random assignment. Provide an example of each. 

 

 
139. Provide an example of a demand characteristic that could unintentionally alter the results of an experimental research study. Explain how researchers try to get around such demand characteristics. 

 

 

c1 Key
 
1. (p. 4-5) Which of the following questions is NOT likely to be addressed by social psychologists? 
A. Are our social beliefs self-fulfilling?
B. In what ways do other people influence our attitudes and actions?
C. What situations trigger people to be helpful or greedy?
D. Is human development a continuous process or does it proceed through a series of stages?

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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #1
 
2. (p. 4-5) Compared with ______, social psychology focuses less on differences among individuals, and more on how individuals, in general, view and affect one another. 
A. sociology
B. clinical psychology
C. personality psychology
D. cultural psychology

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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #2
 
3. (p. 4) Cinderella's Prince had trouble recognizing her in her home as opposed to the ballroom where they met. This observation reflects 
A. the power of the situation.
B. the importance of cognition.
C. the power of the person.
D. common-sense psychology.

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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #3
 
4. (p. 4) Among other issues, social psychology is the scientific study of 
A. how people influence one another.
B. how people change over time.
C. all of the choices are correct.
D. none of the choices are correct.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #4
 
5. (p. 5) The first social psychology text was published 
A. in the early 1930s, when researchers examined the effects of deprivation on aggression and altruism.
B. in World War I, when psychologists conducted studies of social conflict and cooperation.
C. in World War II, when researchers performed studies of persuasion and soldier morale.
D. in the early 1900s, shortly after social psychology experiments began to be conducted.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #5
 
6. (p. 5) The first social psychology experiments were reported 
A. just two centuries ago.
B. just a century ago.
C. just 75 years ago.
D. just after World War I.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #6
 
7. (p. 6-9) According to the text, which of the following processes shape human behaviour? 
A. Intuitions
B. Personal attitudes and dispositions
C. Social influences
D. All of the choices are correct

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Learning Objective: 01-02 What Are The Major Themes Of Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #7
 
8. (p. 9) Sarah is taking a psychology class and has a particular view about human behaviour. She strongly believes that humans are bio-psycho-social organisms, and that biological processes are the roots of social behaviour. Sarah is most likely to endorse what type of perspective on human behaviour? 
A. Sociological
B. Social psychology
C. Social neuroscience
D. Biological

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Learning Objective: 01-02 What Are The Major Themes Of Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #8
 
9. (p. 6-10) Which of the following is NOT one of the major themes in social psychology? 
A. Social influences shape our behaviour.
B. Social intuitions are often incorrect but powerful.
C. Social behaviour is biologically rooted.
D. Relating to others is a basic need.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #9
 
10. (p. 6-7) Psychological science has revealed that much of our thinking occurs 
A. when we are asleep.
B. only when we carefully attend to the information.
C. in collaboration with others.
D. intuitively.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #10
 
11. (p. 9-10) Williams and colleagues (2001, 2002) investigated whether relating to others is a basic need. The results of their studies show that 
A. feeling left out increases once desire to perform better on standardized tests.
B. feeling left out can have negative effects on how people feel about others.
C. feeling left out can have negative effects on how people feel about themselves.
D. none of the choices are correct.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #11
 
12. (p. 10) Based upon the results of their study, Leary and Baumeister (2000) argued that the basis of our self-esteem is the result of 
A. how well we cope with rejection.
B. how frightening or intimidating we can make others feel.
C. how competent we are in our job.
D. how accepted we feel by others.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #12
 
13. (p. 4) Sociologists study the structure and function of 
A. relationships.
B. societies.
C. groups.
D. cultures.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #13
 
14. (p. 4-11) Which of the following examples is a question that a social psychologist would most likely study? 
A. How have divorce rates changed over time?
B. What accounts for racial differences in intelligence?
C. In deciding how they will vote in an election, are individuals more influenced by one persuasive medium than by another?
D. In what ways do children learn differently than do adults?

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Myers - Chapter 01 #14
 
15. (p. 4-11) In studying racial attitudes, a social psychologist would be most interested in understanding 
A. how individuals develop racial attitudes.
B. how the attitudes of one class are different from those of another.
C. the age difference in racial prejudice.
D. the history of racial prejudice.

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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #15
 
16. (p. 4-11) Of the following studies, which is most likely to be conducted by a social psychologist? 
A. An experimenter watches to see whether hungry game players use a more aggressive strategy than players who are not hungry.
B. An interviewer does a case study of a physically disabled veteran.
C. An archival researcher examines records of divorce rates across cultures.
D. A test administrator measures the skills of an adolescent whose class performance has been poor.

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17. (p. 4-5) Personality psychologists are more interested in _____, while social psychologists more likely focus on _____. 
A. normal personality; disordered or abnormal behaviour
B. individual differences; our common humanity
C. situational influences; internal motivations
D. cognition; emotion

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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #17
 
18. (p. 8) In a study by Mehl and Pennebaker (2003), students wore microcassette recorders and microphones, and were recorded for brief periods of time at regular intervals throughout their days. Their study revealed that 
A. humans are solitary beings and do not engage in communication as much as we think.
B. individuals spend a great deal of time talking to others, but their conversations were often of little substance or meaning.
C. communication was unrelated to social needs as people talked to themselves as much as they talked to others.
D. relationships and communication are an integral part of being human.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #18
 
19. (p. 8) Which of the following least demonstrates how the power of the situation can influence behaviour? 
A. A depressed man feels that his wife and family put too much pressure on him.
B. Public concerns about mental illness increase, following high profile cases in the news.
C. Canadians come together to support others after a natural disaster.
D. The atrocities that were committed during the Holocaust.

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Learning Objective: 01-02 What Are The Major Themes Of Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #19
 
20. (p. 8-9) According to the divisions in social psychology and their corresponding themes, social influence is to ________________, whereas social relation is to _______________. 
A. constructing our social reality; relating to others as a basic need
B. dispositions shaping behaviour; social behaviour being biologically based
C. social influences shaping behaviour; social intuitions being powerful
D. social behaviour being biologically based; relating to others as a basic need

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Learning Objective: 01-02 What Are The Major Themes Of Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #20
 
21. (p. 11-13) Which of the following is NOT an example of how values play a role in social psychology? 
A. Values influence researchers' choice of topics.
B. Values affect the types of people attracted to various disciplines.
C. Values are frequently the object of social psychological analysis.
D. Values influence the study of individual differences.

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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Do Values Affect Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #21
 
22. (p. 11-13) Which of the following is NOT an example of how values subtly influence science? 
A. Values guide scientists' assumptions and preconceptions.
B. Values influence the labels scientists use for their concepts.
C. Values influence scientists' thoughts about what ought to be.
D. Values influence the role the IV has on the DV.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #22
 
23. (p. 11-13) Rohan is a first year university student from India who is having some difficulties adjusting to university life. Which of the following is an example of a subtle way that Rohan's values influence his behaviour? 
A. Rohan prefers to eat at a local restaurant that serves Indian cuisine.
B. Rohan finds his peers very self-absorbed and "out for number one," whereas he was taught to respect others and do what was best for the collective group and not the individual.
C. Rohan interprets other students failures (e.g., getting poor grades) as a sign that they are not dedicated and are lazy.
D. Rohan participates in Canada Day celebrations, but finds that his level of excitement is very different from people who have lived in Canada all their lives.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #23
 
24. (p. 11) Contrary to popular opinion, scientists investigate nature 
A. from a position of pure objectivity, with no personal motives or social agenda.
B. by interpreting it according to their own mental categories.
C. for its aesthetic value with little or no regard for the artificial value of objectivity.
D. with no preconceptions.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #24
 
25. (p. 11-12) Common assumptions often go unchallenged among a group of scholars who share the same 
A. area of interest.
B. method of inquiry.
C. level of intelligence.
D. culture.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #25
 
26. (p. 11-12) We tend to take for granted the shared beliefs that European social psychologists call our _____, our most important but least debated convictions. 
A. social representations
B. symbolic interactions
C. hindsight
D. naturalistic truths

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Myers - Chapter 01 #26
 
27. (p. 12) The critique that social psychology has assumed that people are competitive and individualistic and that conformity is always bad, is likely to come from someone who believes that 
A. social psychology is not a "real science."
B. social psychology cannot study objective truth.
C. social psychology is the study of what we know through common sense.
D. social psychology has been influenced by Western cultural worldviews.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #27
 
28. (p. 11) Which of the following statements is true? 
A. Science is purely objective.
B. Different levels of explanation compete to provide a real understanding of human nature.
C. Scientific labels are value-free.
D. Humans tend to prejudge reality based on expectations.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #28
 
29. (p. 12) Which of the following psychological terms reflects a disguised value judgment? 
A. well-adjusted
B. mentally ill
C. self-actualized
D. all of these choices are correct

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Myers - Chapter 01 #29
 
30. (p. 12) Which of the following labels implies a judgment based on subjective values? 
A. freedom fighter
B. terrorist
C. patriot
D. all of the choices are correct

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Myers - Chapter 01 #30
 
31. (p. 12-13) Which of the following illustrates how hidden values might influence social psychology? 
A. Choosing to study aggression in adolescents.
B. Choosing to study aggression in a laboratory.
C. Choosing to use university students as research subjects.
D. All of the choices are correct.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #31
 
32. (p. 13) Which of the following statements is true about values and social psychology? 
A. Research trends are usually out of step with the social concerns of their times.
B. The fact that human thinking always involves interpretation is precisely why we need scientific analysis.
C. Research into how values form, change, and influence one another helps us identify which of them are right.
D. All of these choices are correct.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #32
 
33. (p. 13) The statement, "The way things are is the way they ought to be," reflects the 
A. hindsight bias.
B. social representation.
C. naturalistic fallacy.
D. correlation-causality bias.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #33
 
34. (p. 13) A cross-cultural researcher finds that across the world most legislators are male. He concludes that the political office in his own country should be closed to women. The researcher is most clearly guilty of 
A. the naturalistic fallacy.
B. the hindsight bias.
C. illusory correlation.
D. false consensus effect.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #34
 
35. (p. 13) A researcher finds that university students wash their hands on an average of three times a day. She concludes that an educational program is necessary to encourage frequent hand washing by those who wash their hands less than once a day. The researcher is probably guilty of 
A. hindsight bias.
B. the "I knew it all along" phenomenon.
C. illusory correlation.
D. the naturalistic fallacy.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #35
 
36. (p. 14) Two contradictory criticisms faced by social psychology are that its findings are obvious and that 
A. its findings are complicated.
B. its findings are false.
C. its findings could be used to manipulate people.
D. its findings are contradictory.

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Learning Objective: 01-04 Is Social Psychology Merely Common Sense?
Myers - Chapter 01 #36
 
37. (p. 14-15) The quote, "One problem with common sense is that we invoke it after we know the facts," from your textbook describes 
A. the naturalistic fallacy.
B. the hindsight bias.
C. the illusory correlation.
D. the social representations bias.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #37
 
38. (p. 14-16) The hindsight bias contributes to the idea that 
A. psychological experiments lack mundane realism.
B. social psychology is potentially dangerous.
C. the results of psychological experiments are mere common sense.
D. psychological experiments lack experimental realism.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #38
 
39. (p. 14) When people claimed to have easily foreseen research findings about World War II soldiers, researcher Paul Lazarsfeld concluded that 
A. participants already knew the results beforehand.
B. people seemed surprised by their ability to foresee the results.
C. people foresaw the opposite results to what was actually found.
D. ex-soldiers more easily foresaw the results than other people.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #39
 
40. (p. 15-16) According to the text, _______________ tends to make people overconfident about their ability to predict something that, at the time it was unfolding, they had no idea how it will all turn out. 
A. the fundamental attribution error
B. the illusory correlation
C. the naturalistic fallacy
D. the hindsight bias

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Myers - Chapter 01 #40
 
41. (p. 13-15) The naturalistic fallacy involves "____________" reasoning, whereas the hindsight bias involves "_____________" reasoning. 
A. common sense; after the fact
B. what ought to be; I knew it all along
C. after the fact; I knew it all along
D. what ought to be; what should have been

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Myers - Chapter 01 #41
 
42. (p. 15) Amy reads a research article and feels like it didn't tell her anything she didn't already know. However, when asked to guess the results of another experiment before reading it, she failed. Amy's experience illustrates the 
A. hindsight bias.
B. foresight bias.
C. confirmation bias.
D. correspondence bias.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #42
 
43. (p. 15) When researcher Karl Teigen gave students the actual proverb "fear is stronger than love," most rated it as true. When he gave others the reverse form, "love is stronger than fear," 
A. most rated it as false.
B. most rated it as true.
C. half as many rated it as true.
D. only 1 percent rated it as true.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #43
 
44. (p. 15) Which of the following is the best example of hindsight bias? 
A. Being careful in a new relationship because you've been hurt in the past.
B. Being confident when placing a bet on a sporting event.
C. Changing your opinions on important issues as you get older.
D. Reading your horoscope at the end of the day and deciding it was accurate.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #44
 
45. (p. 15) A closely watched game between the Wolverines and the Eagles goes into overtime, and ultimately the Eagles win by just one point. According to research on the hindsight bias, fans of ______ will probably say ______. 
A. the Wolverines; the Eagles' victory was a surprise.
B. the Eagles; the Eagles' victory was a surprise.
C. both teams; they thought the Eagles would win.
D. both teams; they thought the Wolverines would win.

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Learning Objective: 01-04 Is Social Psychology Merely Common Sense?
Myers - Chapter 01 #45
 
46. (p. 15) Hindsight bias can explain why 
A. you really passed an exam when you thought had failed it.
B. you knew the course material as the exam was being taken up in class.
C. you remembered the course material better after you had written the exam.
D. you only remembered the course material until you wrote the exam, then promptly forgot most of it.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #46
 
47. (p. 15-16) The hindsight bias affects the way we view decision makers, making us more likely to 
A. see their decisions as surprisingly insightful and correct.
B. blame them for making obviously bad choices.
C. forgive them for making understandable mistakes in crises.
D. admire them for handling well those choices we ourselves cannot make.

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Learning Objective: 01-04 Is Social Psychology Merely Common Sense?
Myers - Chapter 01 #47
 
48. (p. 15) The hindsight bias often makes people 
A. underestimate their intellectual powers.
B. overconfident about the validity of their judgments and predictions.
C. feel surprised when research confirms common sense.
D. more likely to excuse others for their bad decisions.

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Learning Objective: 01-04 Is Social Psychology Merely Common Sense?
Myers - Chapter 01 #48
 
49. (p. 15) Proverbs such as "absence makes the heart grow fonder" or "out of sight, out of mind" best illustrate that 
A. social psychology is all just common sense.
B. individuals engage in the naturalistic fallacy and only see what fits with their ideas.
C. experiments often generate contradictory results that are difficult to explain.
D. the hindsight bias is used to make almost any result seem to make sense.

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Learning Objective: 01-04 Is Social Psychology Merely Common Sense?
Myers - Chapter 01 #49
 
50. (p. 16) An integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events is called 
A. a test.
B. a hypothesis.
C. a proof.
D. a theory.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #50
 
51. (p. 18) A good theory will make clear predictions that 
A. confirm or modify the theory.
B. generate new exploration.
C. suggest practical application.
D. all of the choices are correct.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #51
 
52. (p. 16-17) Hypothesis is to theory, as __________ is to ___________. 
A. exam; knowledge
B. car; driver
C. control; variable
D. science; research

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #52
 
53. (p. 17) A research hypothesis is a 
A. theory.
B. testable prediction.
C. collection of empirical observations.
D. technique for analyzing data.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #53
 
54. (p. 17) Why do biologists refer to the "theory" of evolution instead of the "fact" of evolution? 
A. Because evolution is not universally believed.
B. Because it is impossible to scientifically test evolutionary principles.
C. Because the theory of evolution summarizes a whole set of scientific facts.
D. Because only theories that have been proven true may be referred to as "facts."

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #54
 
55. (p. 17) Hypotheses implied by a theory allow researchers to 
A. learn about the theory.
B. test the theory.
C. confirm the theory.
D. disconfirm the theory.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #55
 
56. (p. 17) Juanita is a social psychologist who is interested in studying aggressive behaviours in crowd settings. She observed this crowd behaviour when two people got stabbed in the aftermath of a playoff victory celebration for Edmonton Oilers fans that turned into a riot in 2006. She designs an experiment where she has defined her "crowd" as 30 people in a small classroom who are watching a hockey game. The way in which her experimental variable relates to the theoretical concept of "crowd" pertains to 
A. how the variable is tested
B. what the hypothesis about crowds is.
C. how the variable is operationalized.
D. whether she can infer correlation or causation.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #56
 
57. (p. 18) Which of the following techniques would be the most effective way of investigating the relationship between the social status and the level of education of Canadian citizens? 
A. an experiment
B. a case study
C. a correlational study
D. a participant observation

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #57
 
58. (p. 18) When theories are discarded, it is usually because they 
A. have been falsified.
B. have been displaced by newer, better theories.
C. attempted to summarize too large a body of data.
D. generated too many testable hypotheses.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #58
 
59. (p. 18) Research done in natural, real-life settings outside a laboratory is called 
A. case study research.
B. field research.
C. correlational research.
D. experimental research.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #59
 
60. (p. 18-21) You would like to know the relationship between the number of psychology courses people take and their interpersonal sensitivity. You survey college students to determine how much psychology they have taken and then have them complete a test of social sensitivity. Finally you plot the relationship. This is an example of 
A. a laboratory experiment.
B. a field experiment.
C. a correlational study.
D. participant observation.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #60
 
61. (p. 18-21) A researcher is interested in learning whether young people whose fathers are absent from home are more likely to engage in delinquent behaviour. She compares the arrest rates of boys whose fathers are absent with those of boys whose fathers are present at home. This is an example of 
A. a correlational study.
B. an experimental study.
C. a field experiment.
D. a self-report study.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #61
 
62. (p. 18) A naturally occurring relationship among variables is known as 
A. a correlation.
B. a coefficient.
C. an attribution.
D. a causal link.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #62
 
63. (p. 18-21) Which of the following statements about correlational research is true? 
A. It enables prediction of one variable given knowledge of the other.
B. It specifies the cause-effect relationship among variables.
C. It can only be carried out in controlled laboratory settings.
D. All of these choices are correct.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #63
 
64. (p. 18-21) A researcher finds that higher social status is associated with greater health. What could explain this positive correlation? 
A. Having a high social status leads to better health.
B. Being in good health allows one to achieve higher social status.
C. Other facts like family background may contribute to a greater likelihood of having good health and high status.
D. All of the choices are correct.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #64
 
65. (p. 18-21) Which of the following research situations best represent an example of correlational research? 
A. A psychologist administers to his participants a mood questionnaire and collects their demographics data and then looks at the relationship between the variables he considered.
B. A psychologist administers to her participants either 3 mg of sugar or 8 mg of sugar and then asks them to complete a mood questionnaire. She will subsequently examine if sugar had an effect on participant's mood.
C. All of the choices are correct.
D. None of the choices are correct.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #65
 
66. (p. 19) Research has shown that tall grave markers (a status symbol) are 
A. the cause of longevity.
B. unrelated to longevity.
C. positively correlated with longevity.
D. negatively correlated with longevity.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #66
 
67. (p. 18-21) Variable X is correlated with Variable Y. Which of the following could explain this correlation? 
A. X causes Y.
B. Y causes X.
C. A third variable causes or influences both X and Y.
D. All of the choices are correct.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #67
 
68. (p. 18) In correlational research, knowing a person's high school grades may help you to _______ that person's likelihood of succeeding in university. 
A. predict
B. control for
C. randomly select
D. improve

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #68
 
69. (p. 19-21) Tara has noticed that when she feels better about herself (i.e., higher self-esteem), her friends and guys she is interested in dating tell her that she looks more attractive. According to this example, self-esteem and perceived attractiveness show 
A. a negative correlation.
B. a positive correlation.
C. a time-lagged correlation.
D. no correlation.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #69
 
70. (p. 20) In a study of teenagers, Maruyama and colleagues concluded that self-esteem and achievement are positively correlated because 
A. higher self-esteem boosts achievement.
B. achievement produces higher self-esteem.
C. both self-esteem and achievement are linked to underlying intelligence and family social status.
D. both self-esteem and achievement are linked to healthy physical and psychological adjustment.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #70
 
71. (p. 18) Cause-effect relationships are studied using 
A. experimental research methods.
B. correlational research methods.
C. field research methods.
D. survey research methods.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #71
 
72. (p. 18) The great strength of correlational survey research is that it 
A. brings important factors into the laboratory.
B. studies factors in real-world settings that cannot be manipulated in the laboratory.
C. establishes clear cause-effect connections among variables.
D. maintains high mundane realism and thus increases generalizability.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #72
 
73. (p. 21) Advanced correlational techniques that reveal the sequence of events and suggest cause-effect relations are called 
A. field correlations.
B. time-lagged correlations.
C. developmental correlations.
D. representative correlations.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #73
 
74. (p. 18) A great disadvantage of correlational research is that 
A. it does not allow us to examine factors like race and social status.
B. knowing that two variables change together does not allow us to predict one when we know the other.
C. it rules out consideration of confounding variables.
D. it does not specify cause and effect.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #74
 
75. (p. 18-20) What can you conclude from knowing that a correlation exists between poor nutrition and lower grades in school children? 
A. Hunger makes it difficult for children to concentrate in school.
B. Improving children's nutrition will improve their achievement in school.
C. As children's nourishment declines, so too do their grades.
D. All of the choices are correct.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #75
 
76. (p. 21) In selecting a random sample from a population, a researcher must 
A. allow chance to determine the size of the sample.
B. sacrifice control by disregarding information about the population.
C. make sure every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample.
D. select most sample members from the middle of any ordered listing.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #76
 
77. (p. 21) In conducting your research, you make sure that every person in the population has an equal chance of participating in your survey. This procedure is known as 
A. random sampling.
B. random assignment.
C. naturalistic observation.
D. equal sampling.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #77
 
78. (p. 21) To achieve a representative sample of adult Canadians' views on gun registration, which of the following strategies should you pursue? 
A. Survey the attitudes of 1,000 adults in Ontario and 1,000 adults in Alberta.
B. Survey the attitudes of 1,000 adults in each province and territory.
C. Place ads in all major newspapers asking Canadians to call and give their views.
D. Randomly select a large sample of adult Canadians to survey.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #78
 
79. (p. 21) Opinion polls and surveys 
A. describe public opinion as of the moment they are taken.
B. predict respondents' immediate behaviour.
C. predict respondents' long-range behaviour.
D. are too biased to be meaningful.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #79
 
80. (p. 21) Surveying about _____ will enable a survey researcher to be 95 percent confident of describing the entire population, with only a 3 percent margin of error. 
A. 12,000 randomly assigned participants
B. 1,200 randomly selected participants
C. one-third of the total population
D. one-twelfth of the total population

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #80
 
81. (p. 21) A news reporter wants to survey voters about their candidate preferences in an upcoming national election. In order to be 95 percent confident of her results, and have only a 3 percent margin of error, she should make sure the sample has at least _____ individuals. 
A. 200
B. 1,200
C. 15,000
D. 55,000

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #81
 
82. (p. 22) Imagine that a major television network got the opinions of over 1 million people regarding our next election. The results suggest that Candidate A would win in a landslide over Candidate B. Weeks later, we find that candidate B won in a landslide. Given the results of the election, we are justified to say that the television network's survey was plagued by 
A. lack of random assignment.
B. unrepresentative sampling.
C. confounded variables.
D. lack of experimental control.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #82
 
83. (p. 22) Ann Landers' 1984 survey of women readers' opinions about romantic affection and sex was probably 
A. not valid because it did not include men.
B. flawed because it was not representative of the population.
C. worthless because the sample size was too small.
D. as valid and informative as other, more "scientific" surveys.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #83
 
84. (p. 23) Research on the wording of survey questions suggests that 
A. how questions are framed influence how they are answered.
B. how questions are framed have very little influence on how they are answered.
C. wording is an unimportant element of survey research.
D. framing the questions differently will not influence apparent public opinion.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #84
 
85. (p. 23-24) In the study on question wording by Darrin Lehman and his colleagues (1992) at the University of British Colombia, it was found that 
A. question wording affected both more and less knowledgeable students.
B. question wording didn't affect students who were less knowledgeable.
C. knowledge of the issue didn't interact with question wording to influence response.
D. more knowledgeable students were unaffected by the question wording.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #85
 
86. (p. 23-24) Evidence shows that question wording affects 
A. less knowledgeable persons.
B. more knowledgeable persons.
C. neither more nor less knowledgeable persons.
D. both more and less knowledgeable.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #86
 
87. (p. 22-23) Jason had signed up for a social psychology study where he was completing a survey about prejudice and racism. Even though he holds a belief that some minority groups are lazy and feels negatively towards them, he completed the survey according to what he thought the researchers would want to hear. He also made himself appear in a positive light. The tendency for people to do this is called 
A. hindsight bias.
B. naturalistic fallacy.
C. unrepresentative sampling.
D. social desirability.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #87
 
88. (p. 24) Which of the following research methods have social psychologists used in about three-fourths of their studies? 
A. correlational
B. experimental
C. survey
D. naturalistic observation

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #88
 
89. (p. 24) To determine whether changing one variable (like education) results in changes in another (like income), we need to conduct ____________ research. 
A. survey
B. correlational
C. experimental
D. naturalistic

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #89
 
90. (p. 24) If a researcher intends to demonstrate that the presence of others results in decreased performance on a spatial task, which of the following research method will be the most effective in demonstrating it? 
A. an experiment
B. a correlational study
C. a survey
D. a field study

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #90
 
91. (p. 29) Sometimes social psychologists create deceptive scenarios for experimental research because 
A. subjects may use hindsight bias if the true nature of an experiment is explained beforehand.
B. manipulating research subjects leads to stronger findings.
C. simulated situations are easier for researchers to control.
D. using deceptive scenarios allows researchers to make cause-and-effect conclusions.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #91
 
92. (p. 24) The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates in an experiment is the 
A. independent variable.
B. dependent variable.
C. control group.
D. hypothesis.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #92
 
93. (p. 24) An experimenter exposes participants to different temperature levels to determine its effect on aggression. Temperature is the 
A. independent variable.
B. dependent variable.
C. control variable.
D. confounding variable.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #93
 
94. (p. 25) Snyder and Haugen found that when men were asked to evaluate a woman whom they presumed was obese, she 
A. spoke less warmly and less happily.
B. spoke with more humour and laughter.
C. tried to compensate with more intelligent conversation.
D. showed greater interest in politics and sports.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #94
 
95. (p. 25) In an experimental study on the effects of alcohol consumption on aggression, aggression would be the _____________ variable. 
A. controlled
B. dependent
C. experimental
D. independent

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #95
 
96. (p. 25) Boyatzis and his colleagues (1995) showed elementary school children an episode of a violent children's television program. The viewing of this material resulted in an increase in the children's aggressive behaviour. The aggressive behaviour represents the 
A. independent variable.
B. dependent variable.
C. control variable.
D. confounding variable.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #96
 
97. (p. 24) In an experimental study of the effects of fear on the desire to affiliate, fear would be the ______________ variable. 
A. experimental
B. independent
C. control
D. dependent

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #97
 
98. (p. 25) In a psychological experiment, the factor being measured is called the _____________ variable. 
A. independent
B. experimental
C. dependent
D. controlled

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Myers - Chapter 01 #98
 
99. (p. 24) An experimenter exposes participants to different temperature levels to determine its effect on aggression. Aggression is the 
A. independent variable.
B. dependent variable.
C. control variable.
D. confounding variable.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #99
 
100. (p. 25) A research psychologist manipulates the caffeine intake (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg) in human participants in the laboratory and then examines the effect of the different levels of caffeine on the participants' mood. In this study, the mood scores are the __________ variable. 
A. dependent
B. correlational
C. independent
D. experimental

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #100
 
101. (p. 25) The two essential ingredients of a social psychological experiment are 
A. random assignment and correlation.
B. control and random sampling.
C. control and random assignment.
D. random sampling and random assignment.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #101
 
102. (p. 26) An experimenter studying competition wants to compare the behaviour of students performing a difficult task with that of students doing an easy task. She designates participants for each task, making sure that each student has an equal chance of being in either the hard or the easy condition. This procedure is known as 
A. random sampling.
B. random assignment.
C. conditional selection.
D. selective designation.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #102
 
103. (p. 26) Researchers are investigating the effects of music on compliance, wherein 50 percent of the participants listen to happy music and 50 percent listen to sad music. What technique should the investigators use to ensure that any post-test differences in the group's compliance will result from the differences in music listening? 
A. random sampling
B. random assignment
C. replication
D. correlational measurement

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #103
 
104. (p. 26-27) Researchers wish to conduct an experiment investigating the effects of smoking on math performance. They place an ad in the national paper and invite smokers of all ages to participate. Such a process allows 
A. only smokers with lung cancer to participate in the study.
B. the researchers to find the relationship between smoking and math ability.
C. only the smartest participants to apply for the study.
D. the researchers to generalize the results to the population.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #104
 
105. (p. 24-25) Manipulating one or two factors while holding others constant is the essence of 
A. independent variables.
B. dependent variables.
C. experimental control.
D. random sampling.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #105
 
106. (p. 26) Putting participants in one of two conditions by flipping a coin illustrates 
A. random sampling.
B. sampling bias.
C. random assignment.
D. representative sampling.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #106
 
107. (p. 26) An experimenter studying the over justification effect wants to compare the behaviour of students who are rewarded for doing an enjoyable task with that of students who are not rewarded. For each student, he decides which condition they will be in by flipping a coin. This procedure 
A. ensures that each student has an equal chance of being in either condition.
B. does not ensure that a random sample of participants will be selected.
C. helps to rule out initial group differences as a potential cause of the experimental effects.
D. all of the choices are correct.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #107
 
108. (p. 21 & 26) Random assignment is to __________ as random sampling is to __________. 
A. correlation; causation
B. causation; control
C. cause and effect; generalizing to the population
D. generalizing to the population; cause and effect.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #108
 
109. (p. 22-23) The answers respondents give to surveys may be influenced by biases from which of the following sources? 
A. the order in which questions are asked
B. the wording of the questions themselves
C. the response options
D. all of the choices are correct.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #109
 
110. (p. 27) When a laboratory experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations, the experiment is said to be high in 
A. mundane realism.
B. experimental realism.
C. quality control.
D. situational validity.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #110
 
111. (p. 27) When a laboratory experiment deeply absorbs and involves participants, the experiment has 
A. field quality.
B. experimental realism.
C. situational validity.
D. mundane realism.

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Myers - Chapter 01 #111
 
112. (p. 27) For a social psychological experiment to be useful and conclusive, it must have 
A. experimental realism.
B. demand characteristics.
C. low generalizability.
D. low control.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #112
 
113. (p. 27) A group of researchers decide to conduct a study of persuasion and they decide to video-tape the instructions that would instruct the participants what they are required to do. Their decision is most likely an attempt to minimize the effect of 
A. hindsight bias.
B. mundane realism.
C. naturalistic fallacy.
D. demand characteristics.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #113
 
114. (p. 27) Deception of participants is employed when necessary to maintain 
A. experimenter authority.
B. situational validity.
C. experimental realism.
D. demand characteristics.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #114
 
115. (p. 27) Cues in an experiment that tells participants what behaviour is expected of them are called 
A. hidden values.
B. demand characteristics.
C. naturalistic fallacies.
D. coefficients.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #115
 
116. (p. 27) Demand characteristics may result in research subjects who 
A. closely obey a researcher in a white lab coat.
B. flirt with an attractive researcher.
C. try to be helpful by guessing at the correct responses to a researcher's questions.
D. all of the choices are correct.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #116
 
117. (p. 28) The ethical principles developed by major psychological organizations dictate that potential research participants should be told enough about the experiment to 
A. make inaccurate guesses about its true purpose.
B. accurately perceive demand characteristics.
C. be able to give their informed consent.
D. detect the researcher's hidden values.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #117
 
118. (p. 28) According to the ethical principles developed by Canada's Tri-Council, investigators conducting research are urged to do all of the following except: 
A. use of deception that is acceptable in research even when other alternatives exist as long as participants are fully debriefed afterwards.
B. treat information about the individual participants confidentially.
C. give participants enough information to enable their informed consent.
D. debrief participants and fully explain the experiment afterwards.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #118
 
119. (p. 28-29) Social psychology experiments 
A. allow the results to be generalized to everyday life.
B. lead to conclusions about the effects of an independent variable.
C. do not usually reflect everyday reality.
D. all of the choices are correct.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #119
 
120. (p. 29) The text suggests that we need to exert caution when generalizing from laboratory to life because 
A. the population we study and the population at large are two separate things.
B. laboratory testing is a simplified, controlled reality.
C. laboratory testing always shows effects that are greater than those found in the population.
D. we need to perform two studies before we generalize any findings to the population.

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #120
 
121. (p. 28) Which of the following practices are being used to try to detect and eliminate fraud in research? 
A. greater public availability of data from one's experiment
B. providing fuller reports of the methods used in experiments
C. carefully describing the statistical tests used to test hypotheses
D. all of the choices are correct

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #121
 
122. (p. 4) Compared with ________, social psychology focuses more on individuals with methods that more often use experimentation 
A. personality psychology
B. cognitive psychology
C. clinical psychology
D. sociology

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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #122
 
123. (p. 8) When examining the effects of social influence, researchers would look at which of the following? 
A. attitudes
B. pressures to conform
C. aggression
D. perception of self and others

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Learning Objective: 01-02 What Are The Major Themes Of Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #123
 
124. (p. 29) Why do researchers need to be cautious when generalizing findings from the laboratory to real life? 
A. the laboratory setting is simplified
B. the laboratory setting is a controlled reality
C. the laboratory setting does not use a random sample of all humanity
D. all of the choices are correct

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #124
 
125. (p. 6) Social psychologists study attitudes and beliefs, conformity and independence, love and hate. 
TRUE

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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #125
 
126. (p. 9) To understand social behaviour, researchers must consider biological and social influences. 
TRUE

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Learning Objective: 01-02 What Are The Major Themes Of Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #126
 
127. (p. 15) The hindsight bias is also known as the "I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon." 
TRUE

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Learning Objective: 01-04 Is Social Psychology Merely Common Sense?
Myers - Chapter 01 #127
 
128. (p. 18-24) In social psychology research, correlational experiments can prove cause and effect. 
FALSE

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #128
 
129. (p. 24-25) In experimental research, the dependent variable is the variable that the researcher manipulates. 
FALSE

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #129
 
130. (p. 28) Canada's Tri-Council does NOT require researchers to obtain informed consent from their participants. 
FALSE

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #130
 
131. (p. 11) Choice of research topic is a subtle way in which values enter social psychology. 
FALSE

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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Do Values Affect Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #131
 
132. (p. 6-10) Identify the seven major themes in social psychology and briefly describe each. 
Answers will vary

Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-02 What Are The Major Themes Of Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #132
 
133. (p. 13) Describe the naturalistic fallacy and how the personal values of social psychologists may influence their work. 
Answers will vary

Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-03 How Do Values Affect Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #133
 
134. (p. 14-16) Describe the hindsight bias and explain how it could influence how much the typical student prepares for a social psychology exam. 
Answers will vary

Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-04 Is Social Psychology Merely Common Sense?
Myers - Chapter 01 #134
 
135. (p. 28) Define informed consent and review its importance from an ethical point of view. 
Answers will vary

Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #135
 
136. (p. 18-24 & 24-27) Compare and contrast correlational and experimental research. Be sure to address the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. 
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Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #136
 
137. (p. 24-25) Provide an example of an experimental research study on studying and grades. Be sure to indicate what the independent and dependent variables are. 
Answers will vary

Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #137
 
138. (p. 21 & 26-27) Distinguish between random sampling and random assignment. Provide an example of each. 
Answers will vary

Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #138
 
139. (p. 27) Provide an example of a demand characteristic that could unintentionally alter the results of an experimental research study. Explain how researchers try to get around such demand characteristics. 
Answers will vary

Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Myers - Chapter 01 #139

c1 Summary
Category	# of Questions	
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation	131	
Blooms: Apply	1	
Blooms: Remember	88	
Blooms: Understand	50	
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Social Psychology?	13	
Learning Objective: 01-02 What Are The Major Themes Of Social Psychology?	12	
Learning Objective: 01-03 How Do Values Affect Social Psychology?	17	
Learning Objective: 01-04 Is Social Psychology Merely Common Sense?	16	
Learning Objective: 01-05 Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?	81	
Myers - Chapter 01	139	
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