Chapter 1: Healthy People 2030
Leifer: Growth and Development Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	The purpose of Healthy People 2030 is to:
a.	examine world health needs.	
b.	evaluate accomplishments for years 2020–2030.	
c.	focus primarily on infant health and mortality.	
d.	examine funding issues for health care.	

ANS:	B
Healthy People 2030 is an evidence-based 10-year report card describing health-care accomplishments in the United States between the years of 2020 and 2030.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Comprehension	REF:	p. 1	OBJ:	1
TOP:	Healthy People 2030		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: Intervention
MSC:	NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease

	2.	A health-care worker planning a research project related to teenage pregnancy in his community would include in the initial assessment the health status of the target population. Health status could be best evaluated by the examination of the:
a.	birth rate, disease morbidity, and life expectancy.	
b.	birth rate, access to health care, and death rate.	
c.	disease morbidity, life expectancy, and health insurance coverage.	
d.	health insurance coverage, death rate, and access to health care.	

ANS:	B
Birth rate statistics identify age of mother; death rates include infant mortality and age of mother; access to health care may affect a teenager’s ability to obtain adequate prenatal care.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Comprehension	REF:	p. 6	OBJ:	3
TOP:	Health status			KEY:	Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC:	NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease

	3.	The health-care worker teaches a group of new parents about the “back to sleep” program, which is directed toward the reduction of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) by:
a.	positioning the baby on a small flat pillow.	
b.	placing the baby on its back in the crib.	
c.	gently rocking the baby before returning it to bed.	
d.	tucking infant snuggly in the crib with a light blanket.	

ANS:	B
The back to sleep program helps reduce the incidence of SIDS by placing the infant on its back rather than on its stomach.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Application	REF:	p. 8	OBJ:	5
TOP:	Back to sleep program	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: Intervention
MSC:	NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease

	4.	Healthy People 2030 endorses the completion of a high school education primarily to enable a person to:
a.	secure a better job.	
b.	increase the quality of life.	
c.	make healthy lifestyle choices.	
d.	maintain the family unit.	

ANS:	C
One of the goals of Healthy People 2030 is to increase the number of persons graduating from high school so that they have a better education basis on which to make healthy lifestyle choices.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Comprehension	REF:	p. 10	OBJ:	4
TOP:	Health indicators		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: NA
MSC:	NCLEX: NA		

	5.	Healthy People 2030 is published by the:
a.	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.	
b.	Department of the Interior.	
c.	World Health Organization.	
d.	Department of Health and Human Services.	

ANS:	D
Healthy People 2030 is published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Knowledge	REF:	p. 2	OBJ:	1
TOP:	Healthy People 2030		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: NA
MSC:	NCLEX: NA		

	6.	Infant mortality rates are based on infant deaths that occur:
a.	at birth, per 1000 deliveries.	
b.	before one year of age, per 1000 live births.	
c.	from infection and congenital disorders, per 1000 live births.	
d.	from unexplained causes, per 1000 live births.	

ANS:	B
Infant mortality is reported on deaths occurring before the age of one year per 1000 live births.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Knowledge	REF:	p. 9	OBJ:	4
TOP:	Infant mortality		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC:	NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: growth and development

	7.	Although the life expectancy has increased, Healthy People 2030 will focus on the older adult’s need for:
a.	better pharmacy insurance coverage.	
b.	improved extended care facilities.	
c.	increased compliance to medical protocols.	
d.	maintenance of independent lifestyles.	

ANS:	D
The maintenance of independent lifestyles is an ongoing problem for the older adult.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Comprehension	REF:	p. 11	OBJ:	4
TOP:	Older adults	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: Planning	
MSC:	NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease

	8.	Information about morbidity and mortality gives the health-care worker data to identify:
a.	lifespan statistics.	
b.	high-risk age groups for certain diseases or hazards.	
c.	effectiveness of treatment.	
d.	cost-effective treatment for the general population.	

ANS:	B
Evaluating specific details of the determinants of health help health-care workers develop an understanding of the health status of the population. Morbidity and mortality statistics can identify risks for disease or health hazard by age group.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Knowledge	REF:	p. 6	OBJ:	3
TOP:	Morbidity	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: Planning	
MSC:	NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease

	9.	A major cause of death for children under the age of 1 year is:
a.	congenital abnormalities.	
b.	infection.	
c.	cancer.	
d.	injuries.	

ANS:	A
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified congenital abnormalities as a leading cause of death for children under the age of 1 year.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Knowledge	REF:	p. 7, Box 1-1		
OBJ:	1	TOP:	Health status			
KEY:	Nursing Process Step: Intervention	
MSC:	NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease

	10.	The health-care worker advises a young woman who is 7 weeks pregnant to include folic acid supplements in her diet in order to:
a.	strengthen muscles in preparation for effective labor.	
b.	help control excessive weight gain during pregnancy.	
c.	reduce incidence of congenital malformations.	
d.	enhance the probability of carrying the pregnancy to full term.	

ANS:	C
One of the goals of Healthy People 2030 is to promote use of folic acid supplements early in pregnancy. Ideally, folic acid supplements, or adequate dietary folic acid, should be recommended early in the pregnancy to help prevent congenital malformations, especially spina bifida.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Application	REF:	p. 10	OBJ:	4
TOP:	Folic acid	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: Intervention	
MSC:	NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease

	11.	Guidelines for “baby-friendly” hospitals include:
a.	information about immunizations.	
b.	active support of parent–baby bonding.	
c.	control of peri-delivery infection.	
d.	encouragement to breastfeed for the first year of life.	

ANS:	D
Baby-friendly hospitals encourage breastfeeding during the first year of life.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Comprehension	REF:	p. 10	OBJ:	4
TOP:	Baby-friendly hospitals	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC:	NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: growth and development

	12.	The statistic widely used to compare the health status of different populations is:
a.	incidence of specific infections such as AIDS or smallpox.	
b.	maternal mortality rate.	
c.	infant mortality rate.	
d.	health insurance coverage.	

ANS:	C
Infant mortality rates are used worldwide as an indicator of the health of a nation.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Knowledge	REF:	p. 12	OBJ:	3
TOP:	Healthy People progress	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: Intervention
MSC:	NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease

	13.	A health-care worker who is planning a health education program for geriatric adults based on the goals of Healthy People 2030 would include:
a.	smoking cessation.	
b.	drug and alcohol abuse.	
c.	education about medications.	
d.	fall prevention.	

ANS:	D
Reducing falls will reduce the incidence of hip fracture, which continues to be a problem, especially among elderly females.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Application	REF:	p. 11	OBJ:	4
TOP:	Health education		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC:	NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease

	14.	The role of the professional nurse has evolved to include:
a.	providing direct care to patients at the bedside.	
b.	managing care to cure health problems once they have occurred.	
c.	planning patient care to cover longer hospital stays.	
d.	forming legislation for policies and practices related to health care.	

ANS:	D
Nurses are no longer simply providing bedside care. Their role now includes policymaking, global health education planning, working as change agents for traditional health-care systems, and so on.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Comprehension	REF:	p. 12	OBJ:	5
TOP:	World health			KEY:	Nursing Process Step: NA
MSC:	NCLEX: NA		

	15.	Adults over the age of 65 can significantly reduce their health risk by:
a.	using herbal remedies.	
b.	getting annual vaccines for influenza and pneumonia.	
c.	engaging in a mild exercise regimen.	
d.	eating three large, well-balanced meals a day.	

ANS:	B
Annual immunizations against pneumonia and influenza significantly reduce morbidity from these diseases.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Comprehension	REF:	p. 11	OBJ:	4
TOP:	Issues and goals related to phases of the life cycle	
KEY:	Nursing Process Step: Planning	
MSC:	NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

	1.	The new topic areas in the Healthy People guidelines established in 2017 for consideration for Healthy People 2030 include: (Select all that apply.)
a.	remove obstacles to health.	
b.	address structural and systemic prejudice and discrimination..	
c.	develop policies and practices that promote health equity including preventative care.	
d.	create healthy physical, social and economic environments.	
e.	teen pregnancies.	

ANS:	A, B, C, D
The new topics initiated by the Healthy People 2030 guidelines in 2017 include removal of obstacles to health, addressing structural and systemic prejudice and discrimination, develop policies and practices that promote health equity including preventative care, create healthy physical, social and economic environments and give children and youth opportunities to allow attainment of highest level of health and well-being throughout their lifespan.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Comprehension	REF:	p. 2	OBJ:	1
TOP:	New Healthy People topics	KEY:	Nursing Process Step: NA
MSC:	NCLEX: NA		

COMPLETION

	1.	Criteria used to measure health-related concepts are referred to as ________ ____________.

ANS:	
Health indicators
Health indicators are measurements of health-related concepts such as increased availability to health care and changing level of tobacco use.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Knowledge	REF:	p. 2	OBJ:	3
TOP:	Health indicators		KEY:	Nursing Process Step: NA
MSC:	NCLEX: NA		

	2.	The life expectancy at birth in the United States is above ______ years.

ANS:	
80
eighty
The life expectancy at birth in the United States is 80.3 years.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Knowledge	REF:	p. 7, Table 1-2		
OBJ:	3	TOP:	Life expectancy in the United States		
KEY:	Nursing Process Step: Intervention	
MSC:	NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: growth and development

	3.	In addition to injuries, the leading causes of death in adolescents and young adults aged 15 through 24 years are ________ and __________.

ANS:	
unintentional injuries, suicide
homicide, suicide
According to the Healthy People review, unintentional injuries and suicide are among the leading causes of death in this age-group.

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Knowledge	REF:	p. 7, Box 1-1		
OBJ:	4	
TOP:	Issues and goals related to phases of the life cycle (adolescent and young adult)
KEY:	Nursing Process Step: NA	MSC:	NCLEX: NA