Chapter 01: Nursing: the evolution of a profession
Koutoukidis: Tabbner’s Nursing Care: Theory and Practice, 8th Edition
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Nursing is a unique profession because it addresses responses of individuals and families to:
a. compassionate treatment.
b. health promotion, health maintenance and health problems.
c. Florence Nightingale’s theories.
d. all of the above.

ANS: B

Nursing is a unique profession because it addresses responses of individuals and families to health promotion, health maintenance and health problems. Nursing is also seen as being important for both the provision of safe, quality care and for the humane, compassionate treatment of the individual.

2. The period that has been termed the ‘Dark Ages’ of nursing was from:
a. the beginning of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century.
b. the end of the 17th century to the middle of the 18th century.
c. the end of the 16th century to the middle of the 18th century.
d. the beginning of the 15th century to the middle of the 16th century.

ANS: A

The period between the beginning of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century was termed the ‘Dark Ages’ of nursing because care of the sick and the status of the nurse reached the lowest possible levels (where undesirable characters tended the sick in squalid hospitals).

3. Florence Nightingale was also known as:
a. the Lady of the Lake.
b. the Lady of Crimea.
c. the Lady of the Lamp.
d. the Angel of Hygiene.

ANS: C

Nightingale was known as the ‘Lady of the Lamp’ as she carried a lamp at night and brought comfort and ease to the very sick in Crimea.

4. The Australian Nursing Federation (ANF) was established in:
a. 1901.
b. 1910.
c. 1924.
d. 1946.

ANS: C

The Australian Nursing Federation (ANF) was established in 1924. It is the national union for nurses and the largest professional organisation in Australia.

5. New Zealand’s original Nurses Registration Act was passed in:
a. 1901.
b. 1910.
c. 1924.
d. 1935.

ANS: A

New Zealand was the first country to have separate legislation for the registration and regulation of nurses, which was passed in 1901.

6. How many years did Benner predict that it would take to move from novice to expert practitioner?
a. 1–2
b. 2–3
c. 3–5
d. 5 +

ANS: D

Benner predicted that it would take 2–3 years to become a competent practitioner, and 3–5 years to become a proficient practitioner. It would thus take at least 5 years for most nurses to become expert practitioners.

7. What is the major professional organisation that represents nursing in Australia?
a. Australian Nursing Federation.
b. Australian College of Nursing.
c. Nurses Board.
d. International Council of Nurses.

ANS: B

In 2011 the Royal College of Nursing, Australia (RCNA) and The College of Nursing (TCoN) united to become the Australian College of Nursing (ACN). The ACN provides a strengthened base for the nursing profession that communicates with government, other sectors and the public. It fosters research, policy and strategic development and provides a foundation for professional development and education activities.

8. Nursing education in Australia is regulated by:
a. ANMAC
b. NMBA
c. AHPRA
d. all of the above

ANS: D

Nursing education in Australia is regulated by ANMAC, NMBA and AHPRA. Education providers are required to deliver courses that meet the accreditation standards of ANMAC and are approved by the NMBA. Students must also be registered with AHPRA by their education provider. Both these organisations play a key role in protecting the public.

9. The main change that has influenced healthcare in recent decades is:
a. increasing lifespan.
b. higher incidence of long-term illness.
c. increased incidence of diseases caused by substance use.
d. all of the above.

ANS: D

Changes also include the move from rural to urban centres. Healthcare must also change, and may thus need to change the educational emphasis and establish new practice standards.

10. Nurses attain increased autonomy through:
a. high levels of education.
b. clinical competence.
c. practising in diverse settings.
d. all of the above.

ANS: D

Nurses are increasingly taking on independent roles in nurse-run clinics, collaborative practice and advanced practice settings (such as Nurse Practitioners).

11. A theory is:
a. an assumption.
b. an abstract statement.
c. a conceptual framework.
d. a researched statement.

ANS: B

A theory is an abstract statement formulated to explain or describe the relationships among concepts or events.

12. A model is:
a. an assumption.
b. an abstract statement.
c. a conceptual framework.
d. a researched statement.

ANS: C

A model is a conceptual framework developed from a set of concepts and assumptions.

13. Nursing’s paradigm directs the activity of the nursing profession and includes four major concepts:
a. the person, health, community and media.
b. the person, health, hospital and nursing.
c. the person, health, environment/situation and media.
d. the person, health, environment/situation and nursing.

ANS: D

A paradigm is the link to science, philosophy and theory accepted by the discipline—in this case nursing.

14. In times past the term ‘patient’ was used for those who:
a. were clients, consumers, customers or service users.
b. were associated with the medical model of health.
c. were waiting for or undergoing medical treatment and care in a hospital.
d. all of the above.

ANS: C

In times past the term ‘patient’ was used for those who were waiting for or undergoing medical treatment and care in a hospital. Usually, people became patients when they sought assistance because of illness or for surgery. This term was understood to have implied connotations about the medical model of health: some believed that the term ‘patient’ implied passive acceptance of the decisions and care of health professionals. Other terms are now frequently used by health professionals in place of ‘patient’. Nurses and others are now increasingly using the terms ‘individuals’, ‘clients’, ‘consumers’, ‘customers’ or ‘service users’.

15. The theorist who identified 21 basic nursing procedures was:
a. Roy.
b. Abdellah.
c. Henderson.
d. Jackson.

ANS: B

Abdellah’s theory emphasised the delivery of nursing care to the whole person. Through her research she discovered 21 basic nursing procedures.